Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IHBB > LESSON 5: ABO BLOOD GROUP SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

LESSON 5: ABO BLOOD GROUP SYNTHESIS Flashcards

1
Q

discovers the ABO blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner
1900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

discover the ABO incompatibility reaction

A

Alfred Von Decastello and Adriano Sturli
1910

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

discover the Rh blood group system

A

Philip Levine and Rufus stetson
1927

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

discover the kell blood group system

A

karl landsteiner and alexander wiener
1940

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the lewis blood group system is discovered

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the duffy blood group system is discovered

A

1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the kidd blood group system is discovered

A

1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the MNS blood group system is discovered

A

1970

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the P blood group system is discovered

A

1980

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the Diego blood group system is discovered

A

1990

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the Cartwright blood group system is discovered

A

2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is crucial for transfusion, organ transplantation, and understanding genetics

A

ABO blood group system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is determined by the ________ or ______ of specific antigens ________ and _________ on the surface of red blood cells and the corresponding antibodies in plasma

A

presence or absence
A and B

ABO blood group system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The synthesis of these antigens is controlled by ___________ and __________

A

specific genes and enzymatic processes

ABO blood group system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ABO blood group system is categorized into four main tpes: ___, ____, _____, _____

A

A, B, AB, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Each blood type is defined b y the presence or absence of specific _______ on the surface of red blood cells

A

Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ABO blood group is inherited through a ____________________

A

codominant inheritance pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ABO gene found in _________, has three main alleles: ____, _____, and ________

A

chromosome 9
A, B, and O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Each individual inherits one allele from each parent, resulting in their __________

A

blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genetic variations lead to expression of different antigens, making this a prime example how genetics influences ____________

A

phenotypic traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ABO blood group antigens are _______ found on the surface of red blood cells

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

These antigens determine the blood type and interact with specific antibodies in the plasma

A

Blood group antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

type A blood have _________ and produce _________

A

A antigens and anti B antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type B blood produce _______________

A

anti A antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Type AB individuals have _____________ and _____________
both antigens and no antibodies
26
Type O individuals have __________
neither making them universal donor
27
The genetic basis of ABO blood group system involves genes that regulate _________ and ___________
antigen synthesis and expression
28
what are the two chains
type 1 and type 2
29
Three genes that modify the chains: 1. 2. 3.
1. H (FUT1 chromosome 19) 2. Se (FUT2 , Chromosome 19) 3. ABO (chromosome 9)
30
Gene H
L-fucosyltransferase
31
Gene A
3 N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl transferase
32
Gene B
3-D-galactosyl transferase
33
Gene O
None
34
encodes fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT 1), which converts the precursor substance onto the ___________, a necessary substance for ______ and ________ antigen synthesis
H gene (FUT1, chromosome 19q13.3)
35
encodes glycosyltransferase enzymes that modify the ______ into ______ or _______ ags
ABO gene (chromosome 9q34) H Ag into A or B
36
The IA allele encodes an enzyme that adds N-acetylglycosamine (GalNac) to the H antigen, producing the __________
ABO gene (chromosome 9q34) A antigen
37
The IB allele encodes an enzyme that add D-galactose to the H antigen, producing the _______
ABO gene (chromosome 9q34) B antigen
38
The i allele is a non functional variant, resulting in an unmodified H antigen, characteristics of __________
blood type O
39
encodes fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) which determines whether ABO antigens are secreted into body fluids like _______________ and _________________
Secretor gene (FUT2, chromosome 19q13.3) saliva and mucus
40
Secretors express soluble ABO antigens in their secretions, whereas __________ do not
non secretors
41
All individuals, regardless of their blood type, have a precursor substance on the surface of their RBC, known ___________
H antigen
42
__________ is synthesized by the action of fucosyltransferase, which adds _________ to a precursor ____________________
H antigen fucose oligosaccharide chain
43
Individuals with IA allele express N acetyl... which add ________ to H antigen forming the ____________
N-acteylgalactosamine A antigen
44
Individuals with IB allele express galactosyltransferase, which adds __________ to the H antigen, forming _________
D-galactose B antigen
45
Individuals with ________________ do not produce any functional enzymes to modify the H antigen, leaving it unaltered
ii genotype ( blood type O )
46
__________________________ determines whether ABO antigens are present in bodily secretions such as _______, ________, ___________
secretor gene (FUT2) saliva, mucus, tears (SMT)
47
individuals with active FUT2 are called_________ while inactive FUT2 are called ___________
secretors and non secretors
48
The FUT2 gene encodes ___________________ that modifies precursor substances in secretions, influencing susceptibility to certain infections and diseases
fucosyltransferase
49
has A ags on RBCs and anti B abs in plasma
Blood type A
50
has B ags on RBCs and anti A abs in plasma
Blood type B
51
has both Ags on RBCs and no anti A and anti B in plasma
Blood type AB
52
has no A or B ags on RBCs and has anti A and anti B plasma
Blood type O
53
The ABO blood group systems is critical in ____________ to prevent hemolytic reactions
blood transfusions
54
Transfusing a patient with incompatible blood can trigger a __________, leading to potentially life threatening complications
severe immune response
55
It is essential to accurately match the _______ and ______
donor and recepients blood type
56
____________________ are universal donors while type __________ individuals can receive
Type O negative patients Type AB positive
57
Incorrect blood transfusions can lead to ___________, where antibodies attack incompatible RBCs, causing severe complications
hemolytic reactions
58
The presence of ABO antigens also has implications for ________________ and microbiome interactions
disease susceptibility
59
The bombay phenotype, cause by a non funcyional _______ results in absence of H antigen making blood transfusion compatibility extreme rare
FUT1 gene
60
True or false During pregnancy, the mothers ABO blood type is not important for prenatal care
False
61
True or false If a mother has type O blood and the baby has type A or B, there is a risk of HDN
true
62
This condition can lead to anemia and hypertension
false it should be "anemia and jaundice"
63
__________________ are essentials in managing pregnancies to reduce these risks and ensure better health outcomes for both the mother and the infant
regular blood typing and monitoring of antibody levels
64
Matching ABO blood types is not essential in organ transplantation to minimize the risk of rejection
false
65
The ABO blood group system plays a crucial role in ____________, _______, and __________________
transfusion medicine, parental care, organ transplantation
66

IHBB (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions