Lesson 5

Question 1

seismology

Answer 1

the study of earthquakes

Question 2

deformation

Answer 2

the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in shape of a rock in response to stress

Question 3

elastic rebound

Answer 3

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Question 4

seismic wave

Answer 4

a wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from the Earthquake in all directions

Question 5

p-wave

Answer 5

a seismic wave that causes particles to move in a back-to-forth direction

Question 6

s-wave

Answer 6

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction

Question 7

seismograph

Answer 7

an instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake

Question 8

seismogram

Answer 8

a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismiograph

Question 9

epicenter

Answer 9

the point on Earths surface directly above the earthquakes starting point, or focus

Question 10

focus

Answer 10

the point along a fault at which the first motin occurs

Question 11

gap hypothesis

Answer 11

the hypothysis that is based off the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time

Question 12

seismic gap

Answer 12

an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past