Lesson 5

Question 1

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical stimuli like touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch.

Question 1

Photoreceptors

Answer 1

Sensory cells (rods and cones) in the retina that respond to light and enable vision.

Question 2

chemoreceptors

Answer 2

Sensory receptor that detects chemical changes, including smell, taste, and blood chemistry.

Question 3

Lacrimal apparatus

Answer 3

Glands and ducts that produce and drain tears to lubricate and protect the eye

Question 4

sclera

Answer 4

The white, tough outer layer of the eye that provides structure and protection

Question 5

cornea

Answer 5

The transparent, curved front part of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina.

Question 6

choroid

Answer 6

The vascular layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera that supplies blood to the retina.

Question 7

ciliary body

Answer 7

A structure in the eye that controls the shape of the lens and produces aqueous humor.

Question 8

iris

Answer 8

The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 9

retina

Answer 9

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye where photoreceptors (rods and cones) convert light into electrical signals.

Question 10

rods

Answer 10

Photoreceptors responsible for low-light vision and peripheral vision.

Question 11

cones

Answer 11

Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and high-resolution vision in bright light.

Question 12

signal transduction

Answer 12

The process by which photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals in the nervous system.

Question 13

bipolar cells

Answer 13

Neurons in the retina that transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

Question 14

optic disc

Answer 14

The area on the retina where the optic nerve exits; it lacks photoreceptors, creating the blind spot.

Question 15

blind spot

Answer 15

A spot on the retina where no image detection occurs due to the absence of photoreceptors at the optic disc.

Question 16

fovea centralis

Answer 16

A small depression in the retina with a high concentration of cones, responsible for sharp central vision.

Question 17

lens

Answer 17

A transparent, flexible structure that focuses light onto the retina by changing shape.

Question 18

Aqueous humour

Answer 18

A clear fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye that nourishes the cornea and lens.

Question 19

vitreous humour

Answer 19

A gel-like substance that fills the large cavity of the eye, maintaining its shape and supporting the retina.

Question 20

rhodopsin

Answer 20

A light-sensitive pigment found in rods, essential for low-light vision.

Question 21

myopia

Answer 21

A condition where distant objects appear blurry because light focuses in front of the retina

Question 22

hyperopia

Answer 22

A condition where close objects appear blurry because light focuses behind the retina.

Question 23

cataracts

Answer 23

Clouding of the lens, leading to blurred vision and, if untreated, potential blindness.

Question 24

vestibular apparatus

Answer 24

The sensory system in the inner ear that helps maintain balance and equilibrium.

Question 25

ossicles

Answer 25

The three tiny bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Question 26

cochlea

Answer 26

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti, responsible for hearing.

Question 27

hair cell

Answer 27

Sensory cells in the cochlea and vestibular apparatus that convert sound vibrations or head movements into nerve impulses.

Question 28

semi circular canals

Answer 28

Three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear that detect rotational movements of the head, aiding in balance.

Question 29

static equilibrium

Answer 29

The ability to sense the position of the head relative to gravity, detected by the maculae in the vestibule.

Question 30

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 30

The ability to sense rotational movements of the head, detected by the crista ampullaris in the semi-circular canals.

Question 31

maculae

Answer 31

Sensory structures in the vestibule that detect changes in head position and linear acceleration.

Question 32

crista ampullaris

Answer 32

Sensory receptors in the semi-circular canals that detect rotational head movements.

Question 33

taste buds

Answer 33

Sensory organs located on the tongue and other areas of the mouth, responsible for detecting taste (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami).