Lesson 5 Flashcards
They are characterized by an extended three-dimensional arrangement.
Solids
The three-dimensional arrangement of solids consists of:
- Atoms
- Ions
- Molecules
Solids are categorized into two groups:
- Crystalline solids
- Amorphous solids
The differences in properties of crystalline and amorphous solids.
The presence or absence of a long-range order of arrangements of the particles in the solid.
It forms a regular repeating three-dimensional structure called a crystal lattice.
Crystalline solid
In other words, the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystalline solid is such that the net attractive intermolecular forces are at their _________.
Maximum
Their characteristic properties include regular geometric shapes, and flat faces when cleaved or sheared.
Crystalline solid (Chang, 2008)
Examples of crystalline solid:
Ice
Salt (NaCl)
Copper (II) Sulfate (CuSO4)
Diamond
Minerals
Sand
Clay
Limestone
Metals
Alloys
Graphite
They have a random orientation of particles. They are considered super-cooled liquids where molecules are arranged randomly.
Amorphous solid
They do not have a long-range order but may have a limited, localized order in their structures. They also do not have a distinct melting point like crystalline solids do.
Amorphous solid
Examples of amorphous solids:
Glass
Rubber bands
Plastic bottles
Cotton candy
More than ___ of naturally occurring and artificially prepared solids are crystalline.
90%
The repetition of structural units of the substance over long atomic distances.
Long-range order
The basic repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid.
Unit cell
The structures of crystalline solids are built from repeating.
Crystal lattices
It does not contain an atom, ion, or molecule but rather there may be several atoms, ions, or molecules identically arranged about each lattice point.
Lattice point
It has a similar attractive force in both type and strength. It is broken by the same amount of energy, thus, there is a change in physical properties of the crystalline solids change sharply.
Uniformity of structure (Berrameda, 2016)
They have the same physical properties in all directions or are isotropic. Upon cooling, they turn into a brittle glass-like state from a flexible rubber-like state (glass transition).
Amorphous solid
