Lesson 5 Flashcards
Lesson 5
Social and Political Stratification
Division of large social groups into smaller groups based on categories determined by economics
Social Stratification
Refers to the process by which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider circles of society
Social Exclusion
Marriage between people who come from different social classes
Exogamous
Marriage between people from the same social class
Endogamous
Another system of stratification that is determined by personal effort and merit
Meritocracy
Take a critical view of social stratification and considers society as benefitting only a small segment
Conflict theory
Refrains from looking into the larger structural factors that define social stratification and contribute to inequality and poverty
Symbolic Interactionalism
Buying certain products to make a social statement about status
Theory of Conspicuous Consumption
Upward movement in social class
Upward Mobility
Lowering of an individual’s social class
May be brought by economic setbacks, unemployment, illness, and dropping out of school
Downward Mobility
Focuses on the experience of people who belong to the same generation
Intragenerational Mobility
Changes in social standing experienced by individuals belonging to different generations
Intergenerational Mobility
Large-scale changes in society can result in the improvement or decline of the conditions and status of a large group of people
Structural Mobility
Essential characteristic based on the economic structure of society
Class
Esteem or social honor given to certain individuals or groups
Status
Usually composed of the rich, well-born, powerful, or a combination of these
Upper Class
Group of people who fall socioeconomically between the lower or upper classes
Middle Class
Employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security
Lower Class
Segment of society that is not only affected by poverty but is also subject to social exclusion
Underclass
Lack of basis resources like food, clean water, safe housing, and access to health care needed to maintain a quality lifestyle
Absolute Poverty
Applies to those who may be able to obtain basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living compared to the rest of society
Relative Poverty
Type of poverty that is defined by how an individual evaluates his or her actual income against his/her expectations and perceptions
Subjective Poverty
important concept which refers to how a person identifies himself/herself as belonging to a particular gender
Not Included
Gender Identity
Explain gender inequality in terms of social and cultural attitudes
Not Included
Liberal Feminists
Men are responsible for the exploitation of women through patriarchy
Not Included
RADICAL FEMINISTS
Identifies factors such as class and ethnicity, in addition to gender, as essential for understanding the oppression experienced by non-white women
Not Included
BLACK FEMINISTS
It refers to a group of people who are common ancestry
Not Included
RACE
It refers to a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the interior treatment of another racial or ethnic group
Not Included
RACISM
It refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, highlighting patterns of social inequality ang resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and opportunities both within ang and among the nations of the world
Not Included
GLOBAL STRATIFICATION
Claims that cultural and institutional barriers to development explain poverty in low-income countries
Not Included
MARKET-ORIENTED THEORIES
Claim that global poverty is the result of exploitation or poor countries by wealthy ones, thereby creating a cycle of dependence
Not Included
DEPENDENCY THEORIES
Focuses on the relationship among the core, peripherd, and semi peripheral countries in the global economy
Not Included
WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY
role of governments in fostering economic development
Not Included
STATE-CENTERED THEORIES
