Lesson 5 Flashcards
a central concept in discussing the nature of human soul.
refers primarily to how the body, its senses, and perception define human function and consciousness.
Embodiment
man is able to perceive and experience reality through his physical body
Embodied cognition
departed spirits will be raised from the dead and shall receive the judgment of God.
salvation of mankind
believed that the human spirit or soul is composed of three parts: logos (the mind or reason), thymos (spirit), and epithymia (apetite)
Plato
Plato believed that the human spirit or soul is composed of three parts:
logos (the mind or reason), thymos (spirit), and epithymia (apetite)
He rejected Plato’s explanation and believed that the soul is not independent of the body but is integrated into the human being. He explained that the individual is composed of form and matter.
Aristotle
components that make up an object
matter
structure and arrangement of matter that actually gives rise to the object it itself.
Form
considers the question of how the mental and physical are able to interact with the physical body, and to what extent one influences the other.
Mind-body problem
believes that physical processes determine the state of the mind
Physicalism
an opposite view that holds that mental processes and thoughts are the only reality
Idealism
argues that the human being is composed of elements that are neither physical or mental
Monism
believes in the distinctiveness of the physical nor mental.
Dualism
He proposed that the mind and body exist as two separate entities that interact with one another.
used methodic or systematic doubt, doubting everything that he knows to remove false knowledge and opinion
Rene Descartes
argued that self-awareness and consciousness exists even if the body is deprived of its senses.
For him, the soul is immaterial, indestructible, and independent of the body.
Avicenna
believed that the soul is the “first actuality” of the body; for there to be a body, there should be a soul. For him, the soul has substance but has no physical or concrete form, and is able to exist even without the body.
St. Thomas Aquinas
He considered the soul as the driving force that governs the body and defines the human person
St. Augustine
gives no distinction between the spirit and soul and views man as being composed of body and spirit
The dichotomic view
holds that man is composed of three essential parts: body, soul, and spirit.
soul is defined as the component which gives man life and will, while the spirit enables man to establish a connection with god.
The trichotomic view
asserts that man is single or unitary constitution, and that the body and spirit are inseparable and integrated
Psychosomatic unity
the belief in the existence of God or several deities.
Theism
Christians believe in a single God
monotheism
God is all-knowing
Omniscience
God is all-powerful
Omnipotence
God is eve-present
Omnipresence
All attributes are integrated and embodied by Him.
Divine Simplicity
God is timeless and has no beginning and end
Eternal
God is perfectly good, just, and all-loving.
Benevolence
contends that since man, a rational being, is able to conceive the notion of a Supreme Being, then it holds to reason that such Supreme Being exists.
The ontological argument
focuses on the purpose a God would play in the universe
argues that a Supreme Being is necessary for the continued existence of an orderly but complex universe.
The teleological argument
proposed that several arguments that point to God as the “prime mover,” the “first cause of existence,” and the “source of being” of reality and the universe
St. Thomas Aquinas
takes into account the nature of existence and the universe and recognizes the existence of God as an explanation of how things came to being in our reality.
The cosmological argument
He based the belief on the existence of God on the “principle of sufficient reason.” For him, all facts and events must have an explanation.
Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz
Kalam cosmological argument (3 arguments)
a.)Everything that has a beginning has a cause.
b.)The universe has a beginning.
c.)Therefore, the universe has a cause.
as it is through Him that saving faith is effected
redemptive salvation
God also takes an active role in the human condition through blessings, miracles, divine inspiration, and revelation.
divine providence
regards God as manifesting Himself in the world as a unique entity
Deities from other world religions are considered to have taken physical form and are often depicted with human features in iconography.
Immanence
depicts God as existing outside the material world, and whose presence is beyond physical laws and human knowledge and understanding
Transcendence
view of God- that God is both beyond and within the universe.
panentheistic view
view of God- that God is an all-encompassing presence in the universe and has no distinct presence as an entity.
pantheistic view
proposed that human transcendence is based on rationality.
consider the concept of “love” and “Justice”
Immanuel Kant
view- where God was a distinct entity but lost this state when He transformed Himself into the universe.
Pandeistic view
proposed his own views regarding human transcendence.
transcendence lies in the ability of persons to relate to people, things, and experiences in a meaningful manner
Jean-Paul Sartre
