Lesson 4: Quality Tools and Idea Generation Flashcards
Are essential instrument used in various industries to improve processes, enhanced product quality and ensure customer satisfaction.
Quality Tools
indicates start or finish
Oval
Different quality tools
Flow Charts, Check or Tally Sheets, Pareto Chart, Fishbone Diagram, Scatter Diagram, Histogram, Control Chart
Are visual representation of processes, widely used in multiple fields to document, study, plan, improve and communicate often complex processes in clear, easy-to-understand diagrams,
Flow Charts
indicates input or output
Parallelogram
indicates decision point
Diamonds
indicates processes
Rectangle
indicates flow of direction
Arrows
A simple tool used for collecting and organizing data in a systematic manner. Typically consists of a table/form with predefined categories or criteria relevant to the task or processes being observed.
Check or Tally Sheets
A tool identified by Italian researcher named Wilfredo Pareto, popularized by Joseph Juran.
Pareto Chart
Also called as fishbone or Ishikawa diagram. It is a tool that identify and present all possible causes of a particular problem or effect.
Cause and Effect Diagram
Indicates problem or effect
Head
It is a horizontal line that points the effect
Spine
It is the main categories of potential causes
Major branches
Indicates specific causes within category
Sub-branches
It is a tool that uses cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data useful for identifying the relationship. It is commonly used in statistics, economics, and social sciences.
Scatter Diagram
Scatter Diagram can be used in specific scenarios like:
a. Exploring relationship between variables
b. Detecting correlation
c. Identifying patterns
d. Comparing variables
e. Hypothesis testing
f. Quality control
(EDICHQ)
It is a bar chart that graphs the frequency of occurrence of continuous data and is useful tool for displaying, summarizing, and analyzing data.
Histogram
Indicates frequency or counts of data that corresponds to bins interval.
Bars
Characteristics of Histogram
- Bins
- Bars
- Continuous data
- Shape
It is the data that can take any value.
Continuous data
Indicates range of values divided.
Bins
There are (3); Normal distribution, __, and Bi-Modal distribution
Shape
Benefits of Histogram
- Visual representation of data distribution
- Identification of outliners and anomalies
- Simplifies complex data
- Educational and communicative value
(VISE)
It is a process-behavior chart, used in quality control to monitor and control a process. It is one of the (7) basic tools that is recognized in quality management and is widely used.
Control Chart (Shewhart Chart)
Benefits of Control Chart
a. Process understanding - provides insights in process behavior
b. Early detection - helps identify errors early
c. Continuous improvement - facilitate ongoing monitoring and improvement
d. Decision making - provide factual basis
(PECD)
(2) Interpretation of Control Chart
In-control
Out-of-Control
Types of Control Chart
- X-bar and R Chart - mean and range
- X-bar and S Chart - mean & standard deviation
- P Chart - defective item in a process
- NP Chart - defective item in a sample
- C Chart - “ in a count of defect per unit
- U Chart - “ accommodates varying sample sizes
(XXPNCU)
Components of Control Chart
- Data Points - values obtained
- Central Line - average or mean
- Upper Control Limit - threshold above
- Lower Control Limit - threshold below
- Control Limit - set a plus or minus
(DCULC)
Methods of Generating Idea
- brainstorming
- mind-mapping
- brain-writing
- scamper technique
- role playing
- story-boarding
- synectics
Also known as the “blue-sky thinking”; generate ideas to explore various possibilities within group setting. (Quantity over Quality)
Brainstorming
It is a diagram of representing tasks, words, concepts, or items linked or arranged around central concept or subject.
Mindmapping
It is an alternative method for brainstorming. It is for rapid idea generation that reduced pitfalls. (No conversation)
Brainwriting
SCAMPER Technique means:
(Problem-solving and creative thinking)
Substitute - replacing product to another
Combine - merging two elements
Adapt - adjust the product or idea (borrowing idea from another)
Modify - change the aspect of product
Put to another use - think of new ways
Eliminate - remove parts of product that is unnecessary
Reverse - look at the product from different perspective
Components of Mind-mapping
- Central idea - main concept or idea
- Branches - main subtopics or key points
- Keywords - triggering association and recalls information
- Sub-branches - additional details and examples
- Image and symbols - can make it more engaging and memorable
(CBKSI)
It is developed in 1950s by George M. Prince and William JJ Gordon. It taps a subconscious mind and foster a collaborative environment.
Synectics
Key Principles and Techniques of Synectics
- Analogies and Metaphors - using direct, personal, symbolic and fantasy analogies
- Diverse Group Dynamics - bringing together individuals with same background to contribute to the company
- Facilitation - train facilitator guides the group to the synectics process encouraging open communication
- Creative Problem Solving - encouraging participants to suspend judgments and embrace ambiguity.
- Stages of the Synectic Process
What are the stages of synectics process?
a. Problem Identification
b. Idea Generation
c. Idea Development
d. Evaluation and Implementation
It is a method in which acting out a different character out of persona is the main task.
Role-playing
It is a method in which it outline a narrative sequence of your idea. (Comic Strip or Animation)
Story-boarding
It came from the word “synectikos”; to bring different or irrelevant things together. (Using analogies and metaphors)
Synectics
It is a collaborative creation and development of ideas.
Idea Generation
