Lesson 4 - Parts of the Cell Flashcards
- Sub-cellular structures that perform one or more jobs inside the cell.
- little organs
Organelles
The thin and outermost layer that separates the cell from it’s external environment
Cell membrane
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- The control center of the cell.
- Serves as a storage of genetic information and site where nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are synthesized (central dogma)
Nucleus
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- Largest interior part of the cell
- It contains a semifluid called cytosol where the organelles are suspended
Cytoplasm
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- A membrane-bound organelle that forms a network of interconnected sacs called cisterna
- Serves as an intracellular highway for transport of molecules within the cell.
- Rough and Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- The type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its membrane surface
- produces proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- The type of endoplasmic reticulum that produces lipids
- does not have ribosomes on its surface
- involved in the synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- Responsible for the processing, packaging, and sorting of secretory materials within the cell or for exocytosis
- Works in close association with the endoplasmic Reticulum
- Functions to digest food, recycle old components of the cell, and to kill invading microorganisms.
Golgi Apparatus
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- Responsible for the reproduction of Adenosine Triphosphate which is the source of energy for the cell
- has its own DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondrion
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- A small, spherical, membrane-bound organelle that originates from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Contains hydrolytic enzymes that use water to break down substances.
Lysosome
(Animal cells only)
- fuses with the lysosome to release its hydrolytic enzymes to kill the microorganisms inside
- debris released in the process can stimulate the immune system to remember the microorganisms
Phagosomes
(Animal and Plant Cells)
-Small dense structures that help with the assembly of proteins in the cell
Ribosomes
(Animal and Plant Cells)
- Located outside the cell membrane and is primarily made up of cellulose
- helps the cell maintain its shape, protects the cell, and regulates the uptake of water.
Cell Wall
(Plant cells only)
- Collected term for the network of filaments and tubules that extends throughout the cell
- Provides strength and motility for the cell
Cytoskeleton
(Animal and Plant Cells)
Site of photosynthesis in plants which converts light energy into chemical energy
Chloroplast
(Plant cells only)
- serves as temporary storage in animal cells
- in plant cells it helps maintain turgor pressure to keep the cell from wilting.
Vacuole
(Animal and Plant Cells but different functions)
Is the part of the cytoplasm that produces microtubules.
centrosome
(Animal cells only)
- small cylindrical structures made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
- its main function is to assist in cell division
centriole
(Animal cells only)
