Lesson 4 - Parts of the Cell

Question 1

• Sub-cellular structures that perform one or more jobs inside the cell.
• little organs

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

The thin and outermost layer that separates the cell from it’s external environment

Answer 2

Cell membrane

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 3

• The control center of the cell.
• Serves as a storage of genetic information and site where nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are synthesized (central dogma)

Answer 3

Nucleus

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 4

• Largest interior part of the cell
• It contains a semifluid called cytosol where the organelles are suspended

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 5

• A membrane-bound organelle that forms a network of interconnected sacs called cisterna
• Serves as an intracellular highway for transport of molecules within the cell.
• Rough and Smooth

Answer 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 6

• The type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its membrane surface
• produces proteins

Answer 6

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 7

• The type of endoplasmic reticulum that produces lipids
• does not have ribosomes on its surface
• involved in the synthesis

Answer 7

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 8

• Responsible for the processing, packaging, and sorting of secretory materials within the cell or for exocytosis
• Works in close association with the endoplasmic Reticulum
• Functions to digest food, recycle old components of the cell, and to kill invading microorganisms.

Answer 8

Golgi Apparatus

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 9

• Responsible for the reproduction of Adenosine Triphosphate which is the source of energy for the cell
• has its own DNA and ribosomes

Answer 9

Mitochondrion

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 10

• A small, spherical, membrane-bound organelle that originates from the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Contains hydrolytic enzymes that use water to break down substances.

Answer 10

Lysosome

(Animal cells only)

Question 11

• fuses with the lysosome to release its hydrolytic enzymes to kill the microorganisms inside
• debris released in the process can stimulate the immune system to remember the microorganisms

Answer 11

Phagosomes

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 12

-Small dense structures that help with the assembly of proteins in the cell

Answer 12

Ribosomes

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 13

• Located outside the cell membrane and is primarily made up of cellulose
• helps the cell maintain its shape, protects the cell, and regulates the uptake of water.

Answer 13

Cell Wall

(Plant cells only)

Question 13

• Collected term for the network of filaments and tubules that extends throughout the cell
• Provides strength and motility for the cell

Answer 13

Cytoskeleton

(Animal and Plant Cells)

Question 14

Site of photosynthesis in plants which converts light energy into chemical energy

Answer 14

Chloroplast

(Plant cells only)

Question 15

• serves as temporary storage in animal cells
• in plant cells it helps maintain turgor pressure to keep the cell from wilting.

Answer 15

Vacuole

(Animal and Plant Cells but different functions)

Question 16

Is the part of the cytoplasm that produces microtubules.

Answer 16

centrosome

(Animal cells only)

Question 17

• small cylindrical structures made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
• its main function is to assist in cell division

Answer 17

centriole

(Animal cells only)