Lesson 4( Measures Of Disease Frequency) Flashcards
It makes the data appropriate to use for decision making, planning, monitoring and supervision of project operations and evaluation.
HEALTH INDICATORS
What are the different types of indicator?
Direct Indicator
Proxy Indicator
Direct Individual Observation
Population or Location Based
What do you call an indicator which directly attribute from the result being measured.
DIRECT INDICATOR
What do you call an indicator that cannot be studied or cannot be easily measured required proxy Indicator.
PROXY INDICATOR
It can be obtained by measuring or observing the phenomenon of interest at the individual level.
DIRECT INDIVIDUAL OBSERVATION
It describes using rates,ratios, proportions and summary measures.
POPULATION OR LOCATION-BASED
Which defines healthcare needs and health problem at a specific point in time.
DESCRIPTION
It can be used to anticipate result in a population.
FORECAST OR PROGNOSIS
It can be use as gathered data which means of improving through filing reports.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
It a uses of health indicators which can facilitate an understanding of why some individuals in a population are healthy and others are not.
EXPLANATION
It is a uses of health indicators where the assess of the program if the objectives are being reached.
EVALUATION
It a uses of health indicators where can serve as a tools that support or oppose particular ideas and ideologies.
ADVOCATE
This indicator will have the same value even if its measured by different people at different times.
RELIABLE
This indicator reflects the changes in the situation or the phenomenon of interest.
SENSITIVE
This indicator reflects the changes ONLY in situations concerned.
SPECIFIC
This desirable characteristics of an indicator should be possible to conduct,complex and analyze.
FEASIBLE
What do you call of this desirable characteristics of an health indicator that can be broken down into subgroups(gender,ethnic, minority group etc)
DISAGGREGATED
What are the 2 types of Fertility Indicator?
Crude birth
General fertility rate
What are the 2 morbidity indicators?
Incidence and Prevalence
Enumerate the 9 Mortality Indicators.
- Crude Death Rate
- Specific Mortality Rate
3.Cause- of- death Rate - Case Fatality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Neonatal Mortality Rate
- Post- neonatal rate
- Maternal mortality ration
- Proportional mortality ration
Tell us the no. Of children born per 1000 population in a given place during a particular time.
CRUDE BIRTH RATE
No. Of children born per 1000 women in reproductive age-groups (15-44 yrs old only).
GFR( GENERAL FERTILITY RATE)
No. Of children born per 1000 women in a particular age group; it measures the fertility level of each subgroup of women accdg. To age.
ASFR( AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE)
It is refers to the onset of the disease (how many develop the disease?)
INCIDENCE
It is refers to the state of the disease( how many people the disease?)
PREVALENCE
What is the difference between Incidence and Prevalence?
Incidence tell us the no. Of new cases in a given location at a given period of time while prevalence tell us the no. Of existing cases ( old or new) in a given location at given period of time.
Tell us how many people develop the disease in a portion population (new cases only) .Can be expressed as percentage.
IP-( INCIDENCE PROPORTION )
Tell us how many people developed the disease in a portion of a population ( new + old cases)
POINT PREVALENCE
Defined as the ratio of the no. Of deaths in a population at specified period of time.
CDR( CRUDE DEATH RATE)
Measures proportion of total deaths occuring in a particular population group or from a particular cause.
PMR(PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO)
Measures how much afflicted/die from a disease.
CFR ( CASE FATALITY RATE)
Tell us the no. Of maternal death while pregnant or within 42 days at the end of pregnancy.
MMR( MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO)
Tell us the no. Of infant deaths in a population.
IMR ( INFANT MORTALITY RATE )
It is a useful indicator of a country’s level of health and development.
NMR( NEONATAL MORTALITY RATIO)
