Lesson 4- Function of Endocrine System- Glands & Hormones

Question 1

What is a gland?

Answer 1

Gland- organ in body that produces hormones e.g. pituitary gland

Question 2

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Endocrine system- made up of a series of glands- provides chemical system of communication in body via 🩸 stream

Question 3

What are the 2 functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 3

1) Releases required amount of hormones to regulate bodily functions e.g. metabolism & growth
2) Provides chemical system of communication via 🩸 stream that relies on network of glands

Question 4

Where is pituitary gland situated?

Answer 4

Situated in 🧠

Question 5

What are the 2 sections of the adrenal gland?

Answer 5

1) Outer section- adrenal cortex

2) Inner section- adrenal medulla

Question 6

What is the function of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 6

• Produces cortisol- produced lots when experiencing chronic (long term) stress 😥
• Cortisol responsible for cardiovascular system- e.g. ⬆️ 🩸 pressure and cause 🩸 vessels to constrict

Question 7

What is the function of the adrenal medulla (inner section)?

Answer 7

• Produces adrenaline- produced when someone acutely (suddenly) stressed 😥- prepare for 🛩/🥊
• Adrenaline- ⬆️❤️ rate prepares body for 🛩/🥊- dilates 👁 and stops 🛑 digestion

Question 8

What do the endocrine glands do?

Answer 8

Endocrine glands- produce and secrete hormones into 🩸stream which are required to regulate many bodily functions

Question 8

What are the name of the cells a hormone affects?

Answer 8

Target cells

Question 9

Why does a hormone only effect target cells when it comes into contact with many other cells?

Answer 9

Target cells respond to particular hormone because they have receptors for that hormone

Question 10

What causes a physiological reaction?

Answer 10

When enough receptor sites are stimulated by a hormone there is a physiological reaction

Question 11

How many divisions does the pituitary gland have and what are they?

Answer 11

2 divisions:

1) Anterior Pituitary Gland
2) Posterior Pituitary Gland

Question 12

What is the main function of the pituitary gland as a whole?

Answer 12

Produce hormones (stimulating hormone) whose primary function is to influence release of other hormones from other glands in body

Question 13

What is the pituitary gland controlled by?

Answer 13

The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus

Question 14

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 14

1) Hypothalamus receives info from many sources about basic functions of body
2) Hypothalamus sends signal to pituitary gland in form of releasing hormone

Question 15

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 15

Located above pituitary gland in 🧠

Question 16

How does the pituitary gland respond to the releasing hormone sent by the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Causes pituitary gland to send stimulating hormone into 🩸stream to tell target gland to release its hormone

Question 17

What happens as the levels of the required hormone secreted by the target gland ⬆️ in the 🩸stream?

Answer 17

As levels of hormone ⬆️ in 🩸stream the hypothalamus shuts down production of releasing hormone and pituitary gland shuts down secretion of stimulating hormone

Question 18

What is the anterior pituitary gland responsible for?

Answer 18

Anterior pituitary gland releases hormone called ACTH (regulates levels of hormone cortisol)

Question 19

What is the posterior pituitary gland responsible for?

Answer 19

Posterior pituitary gland responsible for releasing hormone

oxytocin (crucial for 👶/🤰 bonding)

Question 20

How many adrenal glands do humans have?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 21

On top of the kidneys

Question 22

What section of the adrenal gland is the adrenal cortex?

Answer 22

Outer section

Question 23

What section of the adrenal gland is the adrenal medulla?

Answer 23

Inner section

Question 24

Describe the location of the glands on the human body

Answer 24

See bottom of L4 Andrews’ handout on notability