Lesson 4: Carbon And Its Compounds Flashcards
Earth’s crust has only _____% of carbon
0.02
The atmosphere has ___% of carbon
0.03
Properties of carbon compounds
★poor conductor of electricity
★low melting and boiling point
★shares electrons instead of gaining or losing elestrons
Why do covalently bonded have low melting and boiling points?
Because they have strong bonds within the molecule, but inter-molecular forces are weak
Why are covalently bonded molecules poor conductors of electricity?
Because the electrons are shared between arms and no charged particles are formed
What constitutes a single covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms
A single covalent bond is represented by a line between the two atoms.
What is the atomic number of chlorine?
17
This relates to its electron configuration and valency.
What type of molecule does chlorine form?
Diatomic molecule, Cl2
Chlorine exists as Cl2 in nature.
How many electrons does an oxygen atom require to complete its octet?
Two electrons
Oxygen has six electrons in its L shell and needs two more to achieve a full octet.
What type of bond is formed between two oxygen atoms?
Double bond
Each oxygen atom shares two electrons with another oxygen atom.
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
8
This determines its electron configuration and bonding behavior.
What is the electron configuration of nitrogen?
1s² 2s² 2p³
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7.
What type of bond is formed in a nitrogen molecule?
Triple bond
Each nitrogen atom contributes three electrons to achieve bonding.
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
Ammonia consists of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms.
What is the valency of hydrogen?
1
This reflects its ability to bond with other atoms.
What is the valency of carbon?
4
Carbon is tetravalent due to having four valence electrons.
What is the formula for methane?
CH4
Methane is a simple compound formed by carbon and hydrogen.
What type of bonds are formed by sharing electron pairs between two atoms?
Covalent bonds
These bonds create strong connections within molecules.
What are the characteristics of covalently bonded molecules?
Strong bonds within the molecule, weak intermolecular forces
This results in low melting and boiling points.
Fill in the blank: A molecule of water shows the nature of bonding between one oxygen atom and _______ hydrogen atoms.
two
Water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
