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Soil micro > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  • [ ] the study of soil organisms and their processes
A

Soil Microbiology

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2
Q
  • [ ] Give the importance SOIL MICROORGANISMS
A

-decomposers of plant and animal residue
-preserving environmental factor
-responsible for biochemical changes

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3
Q
  • [ ] art of the plant population which consists of individual too small to be clearly distinguished with the use of microscopes. Give example
A

Micro flora

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4
Q
  • [ ] organisms < 100 μm in size which feed on other microorganisms.
A

Microfauna

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5
Q
  • [ ] organisms generally larger than the microfauna which feed on plants
A

macro fauna

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6
Q

Some mammals, reptiles, and amphibians live in soil burrows.

A

Mega fauna

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7
Q
  • [ ] Major Groups of Soil Organisms
A

-earthworms
Bacteria
Nematodes
Algae
Protozoa

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8
Q
  • [ ] Probably the most important macro-animals in humid temperate region soils
A

Earthworms

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9
Q

-It is recognizable by the three distinct shades of color at its front end, and it is 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length when not moving?

A

Grey Worm

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10
Q
  • Enhance nutrient and soil translocation
A

Pedoturbation

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11
Q
  • live in the litter layer, living in the soil surface. Surface dwelling worms
A

African Night crawler

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12
Q

-Organisms that have only one cell

A

Bacteria

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13
Q
  • What are the biomass and size of a bacteria
A

0.004-0.005
400-5000 kg/ha

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14
Q
  • Classification of Bacteria based on Morphology
A

Bacillus
Cocos
Spirillum

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15
Q
  • [ ] capable of growing at 0°C
A

Psyhcrophilic

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16
Q
  • [ ] optimum growth is at 25°C to 39°C
A

Mesophilic

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17
Q
  • [ ] can thrive only at high temperature 40- 80°C
A

Termophilic

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18
Q
  • [ ] PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD FOR ENERGY (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
A

Autotrophic

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19
Q
  • [ ] obtain their energy from sunlights. Example
A

Photoautotrophs

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20
Q
  • [ ] energy obtained from oxidation of inorganic compound such as carbon from carbon dioxide
A

Chemoautotroph

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21
Q
  • [ ] obtain their energy from the breakdown of organic materials. EAT OTHER ORGANISM TO GET ENERGY (CONSUMERS)
A

Heterotrophic

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22
Q
  • [capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
A

Rhizobium

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23
Q
  • [ ] conversion of ammonia to nitrite
A

Nitrosomonas

24
Q
  • [ ] conversion of nitrite to nitrate
A

Nitrobacter

25
Q
  • [ ] Conversion of nitrate to atmospheric algae
A

Denitrifying Bacteria

26
Q
  • [ ] They are responsible for the characteristically “earthy” smell of freshly turned healthy soil. Resemble molds and high ph levels.
A

Actinomycetes .

27
Q
  • [ ] an association between fungi and plant roots which help plants in solubilization of Phosphorus and its absorption.
A

Mycorrhizae

28
Q
  • [ ] fungi that obtain their food either by infecting living organisms
29
Q
  • [ ] attack on dead organic matter
A

Saprophytes

30
Q
  • [ ] Principally thrives in aquatic environment loves moist habitat. The most important and abundant photosynthetic microorganisms in the soil. They are capable of Nitrogen Fixation.
31
Q
  • [ ] The simplest and most abundant soil animal
    Ingest food through oral opening
32
Q
  • [ ] Commonly called thread worms or eelworms
33
Q

-Effects of Organic Matter to Soil Properties

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

34
Q
  • [ ] Refers to the totality of all carbon-containing compounds in the soil derived from either plants or animals.
A

Soil Organic Matter

35
Q
  • [ ] Enhances soil aggregation and aggregate stability
36
Q
  • [ ] Increases Cation Exchange Capacity Increases soil buffering capacity.
37
Q
  • [ ] Provides carbon and energy to soil organisms and thus increases their diversity and activity.
A

Biological

38
Q
  • [ ] is a convenient tool for predicting the rate of decomposition and regulating the quantity of mineral nitrogen available to plant.
A

Carbon Nitrogen Ratio

39
Q
  • [ ] 20/1 is the optimum C/N ratio of organic materials for
A

higher decomposition

40
Q
  • [ ] > 30:1 (wide)- Difficult to decompose
A

favors immobilization

41
Q
  • [ ] •< 30:1 (narrow)- Have higher nitrogen content
A

favors mineralization

42
Q

C/N Soil OM (humus)

43
Q

CN Bark of trees

44
Q

CN Rice Straw

45
Q

Cattle Manure CN

46
Q

Poultry Manure CN

47
Q
  • [conversion of organic N to inorganic
A

Mineralization

48
Q
  • [x] conversion of inorganic N to organic
A

Immobilization

49
Q
  • [x] The biological formation of NO3- (Nitrate) or NO2 (Nitrite) from compound containing reduced nitrogen.
A

Nitrification

50
Q
  • [x] Denitrificans reduce the Nitrate to Nitrite then to gaseous nitrogen forms.
A

Denitrification

51
Q
  • [x] Breakdown of organic matter such as dead animals and plants or waste materials. This breakdown is accomplished by microorganisms which utilize dead organic material for their energy.
A

Ammonification

52
Q
  • [x] occurs only in an association of a plant root (leguminous plant) and a microorganism (bacteria) belonging to the genus of Rhizobium.
A

Symbiotic Nitrogen Ratio

53
Q
  • [x] which is brought about by certain free-living bacteria and blue-green algae.
A

Non Symbiotic Nitrogen Ratio

54
Q
  • [x] Types of Nitrogen Fixation
A

Symbiotic
Non Symbiotic

55
Q
  • [x] organic residues or a mixture of organic residues and soil that have been piled moistened and allowed to undergo biological decomposition.
56
Q
  • [ ] practice of making humus like organic materials outside of the soil by mixing
    piling or otherwise storing organic materials under conditions conducive to aerobic decomposition.
A

Composting

Soil micro (2 decks)

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