lesson 4 Flashcards
These are essential modes and methods of entering data that, once mastered, allow
you to create measured drawings with ease.
Drawing aids
Drafting Aids
- Limits
- Layers
- Dimensioning
- Object Snap
- Object Snap Modes
- Zoom
These are used to set the boundaries of the drawing. The drawing boundaries are usually set to match the size of a sheet of drawing paper. This means that when the drawing is plotted and a hard copy is made, it will fit on the drawing paper.
Drawing limits/limits
This is like a clear piece of paper that can be laid directly over the drawing.
Layer
These are used to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties such
as color and linetype.
Layers
These can be made invisible, and information can be transferred between them.
Layers
Horizontal, vertical, aligned, and radial dimensions can be created with the ______ command. The type of dimension depends on the object that is selected and
the direction of dimension line.
DIM
These help establish and enforce drafting standards.
Dimension styles
The default dimension style is named either _____________ or ___________. It is assigned to all dimensions until you set another style as the current dimension style.
Standard (imperial) or ISO-25 (metric)
This provides a way to specify precise locations on objects whenever you are prompted for a point within a command.
Object snap
Object Snap Modes
Midpoint
Center
Node
Quadrant
Intersection
Extension
Insertion
Perpendicular
Tangent
Apparent Intersection
Nearest
Parallel
Select All
Clear All
Snaps to the midpoint of an arc, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline,
segment, region, solid, spline or xline.
Object Snap Mode: Midpoint
Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.
Object Snap Mode: Center
Snaps to a point object, dimension definition point, or dimension text origin.
Object Snap Mode: Node
Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.
Object Snap Mode: Quadrant
Snaps to the intersection of an arc, circle, ellipse, line, multiline, polyline, spline,
or xline and other geometrical objects. ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline,
polyline segment, Extended intersections are not available as a running object
snap.
Object Snap Mode: Intersection
It causes a temporary extension line or arc to be displayed when the cursor is passed over the endpoint of objects, so that points can be specified on the extension.
Object Snap Mode: Extension
Snaps to the insertion point of an attribute, a block, a shape, or text
Object Snap Mode: Insertion
Snaps to a point perpendicular to the selected geometric object.
Object Snap Mode: Perpendicular
This is automatically turned on when the object you are drawing requires that more than one perpendicular snap can be completed. An object such as a line, arc, circle, polyline, ray, xline, multiline, or 3D solid edge as an object from which to draw a perpendicular line can be used.
Deferred Perpendicular snap mode
Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, polyline arc, or spline.
Object Snap Mode: Tangent
This is automatically turned on when the object that is being drawn requires and complete more than one tangent snap. It can be used to draw a line or xline that is tangent to arcs, polyline arcs, or circles.
Deferred Tangent snap mode
Snaps to the visual intersection of two objects that do not intersect in 3D space
but may appear to intersect in the current view.
Object Snap Mode: Apparent Intersection
Snaps to the nearest point on an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline,
point, polyline, ray, spline or xline.
Object Snap Mode: Nearest
Constraints a line segment, polyline segment ray or xline to be parallel to another linear object.
Object Snap Mode: Parallel
Turns on all running object snap modes.
Object Snap Mode: Select All
Turns off all running object snap modes.
Object Snap Mode: Clear All
The zoom flyout of standard tool bars has nine icons to opt:
a) Zoom window
b) Zoom all
c) Zoom dynamic
d) Zoom scale
e) Zoom center
f) Zoom Object
g) Real Time
h) Zoom extends
i) Zoom Previous
This command enlarges a rectangular area of a drawing based on a defined window using the cross hair.
Zoom window
This command displays the are of the drawing limits or extent whichever are greater.
Zoom all
Pans and zooms using a rectangular view box.
Zoom dynamic
Zooms to change the magnification of a view using a scale factor.
Zoom scale
Zooms to display a view defined by a center point and a magnification value or a height.
Zoom center
Zooms to display one or more selected objects as large as possible and in the center of the view.
Zoom object
Zooms interactively to change the magnification of the view.
Real time
Zooms to display the maximum extents of all objects.
Zoom extends
Zooms to display the previous view. You can restore up to 10 previous views.
Zoom previous
The zoom flyout of standard tool bars has nine icons to opt and out of these ___________ and _________ command are more useful.
Zoom window, Zoom all
The zoom flyout of standard tool bars has nine icons to opt and ___________, ___________, and ___________ commands are
also frequently applied for drafting
Zoom real time, Pan real time, Zoom previous
These are an important concept in AutoCAD because they can be used to great effect, especially when drawings become large or complicated.
Selection sets
This option is invoked by typing W in response to the “Select objects” prompt.
Window
This allows you to define a rectangle using two points in exactly the same way as the RECTANGLE command.
Window
This option is invoked by typing C at the “Select objects” prompt and is a variation of the Window command.
Crossing Window
The ________________ box is shown as a rectangle with a solid line.
Window selection
The _______________ box is shown as a rectangle with broken lines.
Crossing selection
This option is invoked by typing U at the next “Select objects” prompt to remove the
objects previously added.
Undo
This option is invoked by typing ALL at the “Select objects” prompt. You can use this option to select all the objects in the current drawing, no picking is required. Objects on Locked or Frozen layers are not selected but objects on layers which are simply turned off are selected.
All
This option allows you to draw a multi-segment line, like a Polyline. All objects which cross the fence will be selected. This option is invoked by typing F at the “Select objects” prompt.
Fence
This option, invoked by typing WP is similar to the Window option except that you can define an irregular polygon shape within which objects will be selected. As with the Window option, only objects which fall
entirely within the polygon will be selected.
Window Polygon
When drawings become complicated it is sometimes difficult to select the particular object you want because it is either very close to or overlies another object. In such a case it may happen that the other object is selected and not the one you want. ___________ is designed to overcome this problem.
Object cycling
If you make a pick whilst holding the Control (Ctrl) key down, AutoCAD will respond with ____________. If you continue to pick, each object near the pick point is
highlighted in rotation. Just keep picking until the object you want is highlighted,
then right-click , AutoCAD responds ___________, the required object is added to the selection set and you can continue to select more objects as normal.
<Cycle>
<Cycle>
</Cycle></Cycle>
You can remove selected objects from a selection set just as easily by ___________. If you hold the Shift key down on the keyboard while picking a selected object, that object will be deselected (removed from the current selection set).
shift picking
If you need to remove a more complex selection from the current selection set you
should use the __________ option.
Remove
When you have finished removing objects, you can return to Add mode by entering ____ at the “Remove objects” prompt.
A
AutoCAD drawings are rarely completed simply by drawing lines, circles etc. Most likely you will need to Modify these basic drawing objects in some way in order to create the image you need. AutoCAD provides a whole range of modify tools such as _______, ________, ________, and ________.
Move, Copy, Rotate, Mirror
If you just need information quickly, use the _________ toolbar below to go straight to the information you need or select a topic from the contents list above.
QuickFind
As is usual with AutoCAD, the Modify tools can be accessed in one of three ways:
from the keyboard, from the pull-down menu, and from the toolbar
This command is one of the simplest AutoCAD commands and is one of the most used. The command erases (deletes) any selected object(s) from the drawing.
Erase
Aside from the undo command, you can use this command to get deleted objects back.
OOPS command
If you simply want to erase the last object you created you can type ___ at the “Select
objects” prompt. The last object will be highlighted and you can then select more objects or end the command.
L
This command can be used to create one or more duplicates of any drawing object or objects which you have previously created.
Copy
These are used to indicate the distance and
direction of the copied object from the original object.
Base Point (P2) and Second Point (P3)
This command allows you to mirror selected objects in your drawing by picking
them and then defining the position of an imaginary mirror line using two points.
Mirror
This command creates anew object parallel to or concentric with a selected object.
The new object is drawn at a user defined distance from the original and in a direction chosen by the user with a pick point.
Offset
This command works in a similar way to the Copy command except that no copy
is made, the selected object(s) is simply moved from one location to another.
Move
This command allows an object or objects to be rotated about a point selected by the user. AutoCAD prompts for a second rotation point or an angle which can be
typed at the keyboard.
Rotate
AutoCAD angles start at _________ and increase in a/an _________ direction.
3 o’clock, anticlockwise
Remember, by default, AutoCAD angles start at 3 o’clock and increase in an anticlockwise direction. The”ANGDIR” and “ANGBASE” variables remind you of this. If you want to rotate in a clockwise direction you can enter a negative angle by using a ____________.
minus sign
This command can be used to change the size of an object or group of objects.
Scale
This command can be used to move one or more vertices of an object whilst
leaving the rest of the object unchanged.
Stretch
Although the Stretch command can be very useful, it has largely been superseded by
the use of ________ which allow this sort of modification to be made much more
intuitively
Grips
This command can often be used instead of either the Trim or Extend commands. This can be used to either lengthen or shorten Lines, Arcs, open Polylines, elliptical Arcs and open Splines without the use of cutting or boundary edges.
Lengthen
This option allows you to change the total length of a line to any value that you
specify.
Total
This option allows you to change a line length using a percentage. For example, a value of 50 will result in a line one half the length of the original and a value of 200 will result in a line twice the length of the original.
Percent
This option can be used to extend or reduce the endpoint of a line by a given distance. The endpoint affected by the change is the one closest to the pick point when the object selection is made.
Delta
This command can be used to trim a part of an object.
Trim
This command is slightly more complicated than many other modify commands.
To get a better understanding of how it works, draw a square, circle and line as
illustrated above and then follow the command sequence below. Don’t forget to
watch the AutoCAD command line at each stage of the process.
Trim
This command extends a line, polyline or arc to meet another drawing object (known as the boundary edge).
Extend
If the line you are trying to extend does not intersect with the boundary line, you can
use the ________ option to toggle Edgemode to _________ (the default is “No Extend”).
Edge, Extend
When the Extend command is set to ____________, the objects being extended will
extend to an imaginary line through the boundary edge, irrespective of whether the
extended object actually intersects with the boundary edge. This is particularly useful
and can save lots of time.
Extend Mode
This option can also be used with the Trim command to enable trimming to cutting edges which do not actually intersect the
object to trim.
Edge
This is a system variable, so any change to its value will affect both the Trim and Extend commands.
Edgemode
This command enables you to break (remove part of) an object by defining two
break points.
Break
Sometimes you may want to select the object first and then specify the two break
points. If this is the case, use the ________ option to specify the first break point. By
default, AutoCAD assumes that the point used to select the object is the first break
point.
First point
This command enables you to create a chamfer between any two non-parallel
lines as in the illustration below or any two adjacent polyline segments.
Chamfer
Usually, this command is used to set the chamfer distances before drawing the chamfer.
Chamfer
This option can be used to chamfer all vertexes of a polyline simultaneously
Polyline
This option allows you to specify the two chamfer distances.
Distance
This allows the angle between the first line and the chamfer to be specified.
Angle
This is used to control whether the original lines are trimmed to the chamfer or remain as they are.
Trim
This command is a very useful tool which allows you to draw an arc between two
intersecting lines or adjacent polyline segments. You first need to use the command to set the required radius and then a second time to select the two lines.
Fillet
This command can also be used to fillet
arcs and circles.
Fillet
This option also allows you to fillet all vertices of a polyline with a single command.
Polyline
This command is used to explode single objects back to their constituent parts.
Explode
This command is used to return blocks, polylines etc. (which may be composed of a number of component objects) back to their individual component parts. The change has no visible effect
Explode
