Lesson 4 Flashcards
What is a verb?
A verb is a word that expresses action, perceived action, and a state of being.
What are some examples of verbs that express action? (Action verbs)
Verbs such as eat, breathe, watch, and sleep, are all verbs that express action.
What are some examples of verbs that express perceived action? (Sense verbs or stative verbs)
Verbs such as wonder, think, love, own, and weigh, are all verbs that express perceived actions.
What are some examples of verbs that express a state of being?
Verbs such as is, am, are, were, and was, are verbs that express a state of being.
When a verb in its basic form is placed behind the word to, what is it?
It is an infinitive.
What are infinitives and what are their purposes?
Infinitives are verbs in basic form with the preposition to in front of it. Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Write three sentences each using an infinitive as an adjective, adverb, and noun.
-That book is a good choice, it’s the book to read if you ask me.
-You are lucky to be alive.
-A healthy lifestyle choice is to run.
What are the four principal parts of a verb?
The present (Basic form)
Present participle
Past tense
Past participle
Write the verb sleep in all four forms.
-I sleep a lot sometimes.
-I am sleeping all day if I can.
-I slept all day.
-I will have slept all day if I get 1 more hour of sleep.
Which of the forms requires a helping verb? What are their helping verbs?
The present participle requires a helping verb to be used in a sentence, it is usually used in continuous tenses which shows continuous action. Helping verbs include am, is, was, and were. This verb is called a progressive verb.
The past participle requires a helping verb to be used in a sentence. It is usually used in perfect tenses. Helping verbs include have, had, and has.
List all the tenses of present verbs and give an example.
Present simple- I sleep all day.
Present continuous- I am sleeping all day.
Present perfect- I have slept all day.
Present perfect cont.- I have been sleeping all day.
List all the tenses of past verbs and give an example.
Past simple- I slept all day.
Past continuous- I was sleeping all day.
Past perfect- I had slept all day.
Past perfect cont.- I had been sleeping all day.
List all the tenses of future verbs and give an example.
Future simple- I will sleep all day.
Future continuous- I will be sleeping all day.
Future perfect- I will have slept all day.
Future perfect cont. -I will have been sleeping all day.
When writing a noun and verb in a sentence, they must do what?
The verb and noun must agree.
What does it mean for a verb and noun to be in an agreement?
Being in an agreement means a singular noun uses a singular verb, and a plural noun uses a plural verb.
Give examples of plural nouns matching plural verbs and the same with singular.
Plural agreement (third person)- The boys know about the lesson.
Singular agreement (Third person)- She knows about the lesson.
Plural agreement (First person)- We know about the lesson.
Singular agreement (First person)- I know about the lesson.
What are adverbs?
Adverbs are words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Adverbs answer the question how, when, where, and how often.
Use an adverb to answer the questions how, when, where, and how often.
How- Emma ran fast to the store.
When- Emma previously said that books are amazing.
Where- Emma fell down, she said it hurt badly.
How often- Emma always reads a book before bed.
Use an adverb to describe a verb, adjective, and another adverb.
Describing verb- Emma ran fast.
Describing adjective- Emma thinks the book is very ugly.
Describing other adverbs- Emma ran quite swiftly through the daisies.
Are most adverbs formed from adjectives? If so, how is it done?
Yes, most adverbs are formed from adjectives. Take your adjective and place a -ly to it, although if it ends in a -y just replace it with an -i and then place an -ly.
Do all adverbs end in an -ly?
Although most nouns end in an -ly, not every adverb does.
What are the four placement rules for adverbs?
- When using an adverb to modify an adjective or adverb, place it before.
Ex. Emma ran -very- fast to the library. - When using an adverb to modify a form of be, place it after the verb.
Ex. Emma is very intelligent. - When using an adverb to modify a verb that has a helping verb, place it after the helping verb.
Ex. Emma has quickly woken up. - When using an adverb to modify a verb, place it before the verb.
Ex. Emma quickly ran up the hill.
When do you place a comma when using an adverb?
Whenever the adverb starts the sentence.
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that links together a word to the rest of the sentence. A preposition must have an object to be a preposition.
