Lesson 3.1. Forgery

Question 1

is the act committed by any person who, with intent to defraud, signed the name of another, or of a fictitious person, knowing that he has no authority to do so; or falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits any checks, draft and due-bills for the payment of money or property, or counterfeits or forges the seal or handwriting of another knowing the same to be fake, altered or forged or counterfeit with intent to prejudice, damage or defraud any person.

Answer 1

Forgery

Question 2

is any writing by an individual other than their signature or initial.

Answer 2

EXTENDED WRITING

Question 3

is the name of a person or any design or pattern written by his own hand as a representation or sign of acknowledgement.

Answer 3

SIGNATURE

Question 4

What are the Classes Of Signatures

Answer 4

Formal Signatures
Informal Signatures
Careless Scribble

Question 5

Used on wills or other important documents.

Answer 5

Formal Signatures

Question 6

used on routine documents and personal corresponding.

Answer 6

Informal Signatures

Question 7

used for signing credit cards, mail deliveries, autographs, or hotel registration forms.

Answer 7

Careless Scribble

Question 8

What are the
Kinds of Signature

Answer 8

• Conventional
• Highly individualized or personalized

Question 9

Kinds of signature

the letters are legible.

Answer 9

Conventional

Question 10

kinds of signature

characterized by a series of intertwining stroke, ornamentation and flourishes.

Answer 10

Highly individualized or personalized

Question 11

Is the combination of writing characters which are consistent with natural conditions surrounding the signed document.

Answer 11

Authentic Signature

Question 12

has no fear of being accused as a forger does. He writes freely and subconsciously because he has been signing his signature for years.

Answer 12

Authentic writer

Question 13

Characteristics of Authentic Signatures And Writing:

Answer 13

• Written rapidly
• Have Rhythm when written by experienced writer with proper health.
• May miss certain information
• Introduce certain other forms
• End Strokes Flourish
• Smooth
• Natural free flowing Appearance.

Question 14

The signatures which are practiced illegally are not genuine are termed as forged signatures.

Answer 14

Forged Signatures

Question 15

What are the Classification of Suspect Signature:

Answer 15

Forged signature where no attempt has been made to make a copy of the genuine signature of the person purporting to sign the document.
Forged signature of fictitious person.
Forged signature which closely resembles the genuine signature since they have been produced by a tracing process.
Forged signature which resembles the genuine signature, written freehand to produce what is known as simulated forgery.
Genuine signature which have been obtained by trickery.
Genuine signature which the writer are honestly unwilling to accept as genuine.
Genuine signatures which have been deliberately written illegibly or in an unusual manner, so as to afford the signatories some plausible grounds for disclaiming them should they deem it expedient.

Question 16

Characteristics of Forged Signatures and Writing:

Answer 16

Appearance of being slowly written
Lack of Rhythm and Individuality
Unnatural Appearance
Appearance of being drawn
Attention towards formation of letters.

Question 17

What are the KINDS OF SIGNATURE/ WRITING FORGERY

Answer 17

Simple Forgery
Simulated forgery
Traced forgery
Cut and Paste Forgery
Transplanted Forgery

Question 18

Here the forger does not imitate the signature of the other person but he simply signs his own signature without any intention to imitate.

Answer 18

Simple Forgery

Question 19

Here the forger practices the genuine signature and tries to imitate the same signature on the other document.
This is the copying of a signature or other writing by “drawing” it.

Answer 19

Simulated forgery

Question 20

Here the forger traces the original signature on the other document. In this type, the writer traces over a signature or other writing. Because the writer does not write in his or her natural hand, it is not possible to identify the writer, but it is possible to determine if the writing was produced by tracing.

Answer 20

Traced forgery

Question 21

how to determine a traced forgery?

Answer 21

This may be done with the following methods
* Carbon tracing.
* Simple tracing.
* Using transmitted light

Question 22

authentic signature are scanned, copied and placed into a document.

Answer 22

Cut and Paste Forgery

Question 23

it is usually done on the stamps.

Answer 23

Transplanted Forgery

Question 24

Any changes made on the documents after its preparation and which changes the original meaning of the document.

Answer 24

ALTERATION OF DOCUMENTS

Question 25

Points that an Investigator must take into consideration in cases of Alteration:

Answer 25

How was the alteration accomplished? Is it possible to restore or decipher the altered parts or portion of the documents?

Question 26

what are the Different Methods of Altering Document?

Answer 26

* Erasure * Addition * Substitution * Interlineations or intercalations * Obliteration or smeared over writing * Super Imposition

Question 27

removal of original entries by mechanical means.

Answer 27

Erasure

Question 28

what are the two kinds of erasure?

Answer 28

* mechanical erasure * chemical erasure

Question 29

rubbing off with eraser or scrapping off with sharp pointed instrument.

Answer 29

Mechanical erasure

Question 30

Ink eradicators or other bleaching solutions.

Answer 30

Chemical

Question 31

Inserting other matter on existing space.

Answer 31

Addition

Question 32

Replacing a genuine sheet in a document consisting of two or more sheets, or replacing a genuine document with a fraudulent one.

Answer 32

Substitution

Question 33

insertion between lines.

Answer 33

Interlineations or intercalations

Question 34

blacking out or smearing over portions of writings by some opaque substance.

Answer 34

Obliteration or smeared over writing

Question 35

writing over an original writing taking away original entries.

Answer 35

Super Imposition

Question 36

How to determine alteration on a Document?

Answer 36

1. By transmitted light examination to determine if more light passes on a portion of a document. 2. Presence of disturbance of fibers either by transmitted light or oblique light examination. 3. Examination using TLC/ Thin Layer Chromatography, it is commonly used in determination of ink and by nature a destructive test. 4. Examination using VSC, it allows the examiner to examine the document through infrared sensitive CCD as a detector.