Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WO1 > Lesson 3: Sky Condition > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Sky Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Summations

A
  • Sum of layer values at and below a given level
  • Traces disregarded (TR adds like a zero)
  • Overlapping portions will increase summation amount
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SKC

A

Sky clear

No cloud of layer present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

FEW

A

Few

Less than 1/8 to 2/8 Summation amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SCT

A

Scattered

3/8 to 4/8 summation amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BKN

A

Broken

5/8 to less than 8/8 summation amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

OVC

A

Overcast

8/8 summation amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Interconnected layers

A

Clouds of vertical development that may build up to reach or penetrate upperlayers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to estimate sky coverage

A

-Divide the sky in half
-Estimate amount in each half
(each half now contains 4/8)
-Select the halves to suit prevailing conditions
(Most of the clouds north, divide north and south)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to estimate sky coverage during darkness

A
  • Stars plainly visible (no clouds or surface based layer) means clear sky
  • Dimming of stars means cloud present
  • Use appropriate tools (ceiling projector beam, ceilometer)
  • City or other lights can be very useful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Predominant Cloud Type

A

2 or more types at same height = 1 layer

  • identified as predominant type by amount
  • TCU or CB always predominant type (regardless of amount)
  • TCU and CB Always included in column 30 (SCT020CB)
  • TCU and CB at same height, TCU treated as if it were CB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Low Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

CB, TCU, CU

Highest to lowest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Middle Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

ACC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

CC (Considered a layer cloud)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Column 26

A

Total amount

  • Less than 8 octas if any clear blue skies or bright stars
  • Traces entered as 0
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Column 30

A

Sky Condition

  • SKC, FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC
  • Layer altitude next to amount (expect for SKC) ex. FEW008
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Column 40

A

Cloud and/or Obscuring Phenomena (type and amount)

  • Clear sky (SKC) = no entry
  • appropriate cloud abbreviation and amount for each layer ex, SC5CI3
  • Trace is 1 ex. SF1CF1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Obscured

A

A surface-based layer with a summation amount of 8/8 (constitutes a vertical visibility VV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Partially Obscured

A

A surface-based layer with a summation amount of at least 1/8 but less than 8/8 will be included in the amount of the first layer aloft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RA

A

Rain (any form including SHRA & FZRA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SHGR

A

Hail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets (including Ice Pellet Showers)

22
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle (Including Freezing Drizzle)

23
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals

24
Q

SN

A

Snow (Snow Showers, Snow Pellets and Snow Grains)

25
Q

BLSN

A

Blowing Snow

26
Q

FG

A

Fog (any form)

27
Q

BLDU

A

Dust, Blowing Dust

28
Q

DS

A

Duststorm

29
Q

HZ

A

Haze

30
Q

BLSA

A

Sand, Blowing Sand

31
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm

32
Q

FU

A

Smoke

33
Q

VA

A

Volcanic Ash

34
Q

If you can see through a surface-based layer

A

It is the lowest layer

35
Q

If you Can’t see through a surface-based layer

A

Its the highest layer

36
Q

Vertical Visibility

A

The distance an observer on the ground can see vertically into a surface-based layer

37
Q

Rounding-off procedures for cloud height

A
  • To nearest 100 feet (up to 10000 feet)
  • 249 feet rounds to 200 feet
  • 251 feet rounds to 300 feet
  • To nearest 1000 feet (starting at 10000 feet)
  • 10501 feet rounds to 11000 feet
  • 10499 feet rounds to 10000 feet
  • Exactly in between, choose the lower value
  • 250 feet rounds to 200 feet
38
Q

Height of layers shall be determined to:

A

The nearest 100ft

39
Q

Reportable values for cloud heights and VV

A
  • Up to 10000 feet
    • 0 100 200 …. 9800 9900 10000
  • Above 10000 feet
    • 10000 11000 12000 …. 39000 40000
  • If observed is exactly half-way between reportable values, choose lower value.
40
Q

Factors to consider when estimating cloud height

A
  • Apparent size of the elements
  • Height of one layer relative to another
  • Known heights of hills, towers, etc.
  • Difference between temperature/dew point
  • Balloon enters side/break in cloud
  • Strong winds with the VV
  • Reflection of city lights
41
Q

Techniques for estimating layer heights

A
  • Penetration: note visibility into the cloud
  • Variable: note average height over a short time
  • CU type: (Temperature - dew point) X 4= reportable value (lower limit)
    • doesn’t apply near mountains, or if T
42
Q

Entries on Form 2322 for increments of 100 feet

A

Three digits

  • 300 feet coded as 003
  • 9400 feet coded as 094
  • 11000 feet coded as 110
43
Q

Ceiling Definition

A

The ceiling is the lesser of:

a) the height above ground of the base of the lowest layer aloft at which the summation amount exceeds half of the sky (more than 4/8)
b) the vertical visibility into a surface-based layer which completely obscures the sky

44
Q

Variable Ceiling Definition

A

When the ceiling is 3000ft or less and observed to be “variable”, i.e.., rising and falling from a mean value by 1/4 or more of the mean value, the range of variation shall be indicated in remarks.

45
Q

Ceiling Determination

A 
Layer aloft
-Measured
-Aircraft
-Balloon
-Estimated
Acronym M-A-Y-B-E
46
Q

Balloon Ceiling

A

Height determined by a ceiling balloon

Based on rate of ascent (460 ft/min)

47
Q

When to use a ceiling balloon

A

If no ceilometer available, use balloon when ceiling ≤ 1000 feet

48
Q

Height the balloon starts to fade

A

Base of cloud

49
Q

Height balloon disappears

A
  • Vertical Visibility (VV) for a surface-based layer

- Penetration for a layer aloft

50
Q

Cautions when using a balloon

A
  • Rain (unless very light) and wet snow, indicated height too low
  • Strong wind/poor visibility, indicated height too low
  • Break in layer, indicated height too high
51
Q

Name the 4 main parts to a balloon filler assembly

A
  • Cylinder valve
  • Regulator valve
  • Needle valve
  • Rubber tubing
52
Q

When to use a ceiling projector

A

-If no ceilometer, use projector at night/just before daylight

WO1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions