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General Biology 1 > Lesson 3: Prokaryotes' and Eukaryotes' > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Prokaryotes' and Eukaryotes' Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of every living organism on Earth?

A

The cell.

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2
Q

How do cells combine to form tissues?

A

Cell + cell = tissue

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3
Q

How do tissues combine to form organs?

A

Tissue + tissue = organ

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4
Q

How do organs combine to form organ systems?

A

Organ + organ = organ system

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5
Q

How do organ systems combine to form organisms?

A

Organ system + organ system = organism

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6
Q

How do populations combine to form ecosystems?

A

Population + population = ecosystem

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7
Q

How do ecosystems combine to form the biosphere?

A

Ecosystem + ecosystem = biosphere

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8
Q

What is the cycle cell to biosphere?

A

Cell - Tissue - Organ- Organ System - Organism - Population - Ecosystem - Biosphere

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9
Q

What Greek word does “prokaryote” come from and what does it mean?

A

It comes from ‘pro’ meaning “before” and ‘karyon’ meaning “kernel” or nucleus. It evolves firstly.

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10
Q

What Greek word does “eukaryote” come from and what does it mean?

A

It comes from ‘eu’ meaning “true” and ‘karyon’ meaning “kernel” or nucleus. It contains true nucleus.

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11
Q

Where is DNA located in prokaryotes?

A

In the nucleoid region, which is coiled at the center.

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12
Q

Where is DNA located in eukaryotes?

A

In the nucleus, a specific organelle.

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13
Q

In order for a cell to reproduce it should have or contain?

A

DNA/genetic material

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14
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for creating proteins.

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15
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

It acts as the gate of the cell, separating the cell from its surroundings.

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16
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The jelly-like structure where all other parts of the cell are placed.

17
Q

What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?

A
  • Do not have a nucleus
  • Single loop of DNA
  • Cell wall is present
  • No mitochondria
  • Unicellular
  • Circular DNA
  • Binary fission for cell division.
18
Q

What are some characteristics of eukaryotes?

A
  • Have a nucleus
  • Non-loop DNA
  • Cell wall may be present or absent
  • Have mitochondria
  • Can be unicellular or multicellular
  • Linear DNA
  • Mitosis for cell division.
19
Q

Why do prokaryotic cells need motility?

A

To move and navigate their environment.

20
Q

What are prokaryotes made up of?

A

Prokaryotes are made up of simple parts.

21
Q

What is the nucleoid region in prokaryotes?

A

It is the area where the DNA is located; some prokaryotes do not have circular DNA in this region.

22
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis.

23
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

A

It protects the cell from the outside environment.

24
Q

What is the cell wall in prokaryotic cells made of?

A

It is made up of a polysaccharide called peptidoglycan.

25
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

A

It provides protection and rigidity (hardness) to the cell.

26
Q

What is the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

A

A sticky substance outside the cell wall that allows prokaryotes to cling to surfaces.

27
Q

What is the function of a flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

A

It helps with the movement of prokaryotic cells.

28
Q

What is the function of fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

A

Fimbriae are tiny projections that allow cell-to-cell communication.

29
Q

What are flagella?

A

Flagella are multiple flagellum structures found on prokaryotic cells.

30
Q

What are pili?

A

Pili are multiple fimbriae, which are used for communication between prokaryotic cells.

31
Q

What are the structures of prokaryote?

A
  • Nucleoid Region
  • Ribosome
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Capsule
  • Flagellum
  • Fimbriae
  • Pilus
31
Q

What is a pilus?

A

A pilus is a single fimbriae projection used for cell-to-cell communication.

32
Q

What are the four types of organelles in eukaryotic cells?
A:
Flashcard 15
Q: What is the function of organelles involved in genetic control?
A: They are responsible for creating and doubling the DNA or genetic material.

Flashcard 16
Q: What do organelles responsible for manufacturing, distribution, and breakdown do?
A: They create cellular products such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Flashcard 17
Q: What is the role of energy processing organelles?
A: They are mainly composed of mitochondria and chloroplasts and are responsible for creating energy by converting carbohydrates into usable energy.

Flashcard 18
Q: What is the purpose of organelles involved in structural support, movement, and communication?
A: They are involved in structural support, protection, and cell-to-cell recognition.

A
  1. Genetic Control
  2. Manufacturing, Distribution, and Breakdown
  3. Energy Processing
  4. Structural Support, Movement, and Communication.
33
Q
A
34
Q
A

General Biology 1 (2 decks)

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