Lesson 3: Population Ecology

Question 1

4 Ecological Levels

Answer 1

1. Organism
2. Population
3. Community
4. Ecosystem

Question 2

number of individuals per unit area or volume

Answer 2

Population Density

Question 3

pattern of dispersal of individuals within the area of interest

Answer 3

Population Distribution

Question 4

3 Type of Population Distribution

Answer 4

o Uniform Distribution
o Random Distribution
o Clumped Distribution

Question 5

4 Population Growth Models

Answer 5

• Exponential Growth
• Logistic Growth
• Biotic Potential
• Environmental Resistance

Question 6

as a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.

Answer 6

Exponential Growth

Question 7

indicated by an S-shaped curve. It shows the difference between logistic and exponential dure to environmental resistance

Answer 7

Logistic Growth

Question 8

is the maximum number of individuals of a given species the environment can support.

Answer 8

Carrying Capacity

Question 9

all the members of a population born at the same time.

Answer 9

Cohort

Question 10

the probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to particular age.

Answer 10

Survivorship

Question 11

graphical representation of the number or proportions of individual surviving at each age

Answer 11

Survivorship Curve

Question 12

3 Types in the Survivorship Curve

Answer 12

Type 1: High survival rate of infants with decrease of survival rate at old age.

Type 2: Fairly regular or constant death rates from birth to old age.

Type 3: High mortality rate at birth, high survival rate at adulthood

Question 13

[2] Factors in the Rate of Reproduction

Answer 13

o Fecundity
o Mortality

Question 14

speed at which an individual of a species can produce offspring

Answer 14

Fecundity

Question 15

rate of death

Answer 15

Mortality

Question 16

[2] Limiting Factor on the Regulation of Population Size

Answer 16

• Density – Dependent Factor
• Density – Independent Factor

Question 17

[4] Samples in Density – Dependent Factor

Answer 17

1. Competition
   - Intraspecific
   - Interspecific
2. Predation
3. Parasitism
4. Disease

Question 18

[2] Samples in Density – Independent Factor

Answer 18

1. Abiotic Factors
2. Unpredictable, catastrophic events

Question 19

selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density.

Answer 19

K-Selection (Density Dependent Selection)

Question 20

selects life history traits that maximize reproduction.

Answer 20

R-Selection (Density Independent Selection)

Question 21

has many offspring, sometimes thousand. Does not nurture offspring and has shorter life span.

Answer 21

R-Strategists (Opportunistic)

Question 22

has fewer offspring but nurture each offspring and has longer life span.

Answer 22

K-Strategists (Equilibrium)

Question 23

3 Age Group Divided by an Age Structure Diagram

Answer 23

1. Pre-Reproductive
2. Reproductive
3. Post-Reproductive

Question 24

shows the development stages of a single reproductive event of a species.

Answer 24

Life Table

Question 25

3 Stages of Demographic Transitions

Answer 25

Stage 1: High birthrates and death rates

Stage 2: Continued high birthrates, declining death rates

Stage 3: Falling birthrates and deathrates, eventually stabilizing.