Lesson 3: Microscope & The Animal Cell Flashcards
an instrument that magnifies an object
Microscope
Micro means
Small
Scope means
to look at
Photographs of cells are taken with a microscope and these images can also be called ____
micrographs
2 parameters that are important in microscopy
- Magnification
- Resolving power
The process of enlarging an object in appearance
Magnification
The ability of a microscope to distinguish two adjacent structures as separate: the higher the resolution, the better the clarity and detail of the image
Resolving power
_____ lenses are used for study of small objects
Oil immersion
magnification is usually increased to _____
1,000 times
Also called student microscope
Simple compound microscope
Light microscopes commonly used in the laboratory to magnify up to approximately _____
400 times
It uses a beam of electrons
Electron microscope
These parts are what hold up everything else of a device; They are the only sturdy parts of microscope
Structural components
Holding up the entire microscope on top
Base or foot
A small vertical part that projects out of the flat base
Piller
This is the one of the most iconic parts of a microscope
Arm
a hallow tube that holds up all the optical parts of the microscope
Body
it has a lot of moving parts; and these parts fall into this category
Mechanical parts
This is the rectangular solid part on which the specimen slide is placed
Stage
you can use this to securely hold the slide in places so that it doesn’t accidentally move
Clips or stage clips
It is necessary to have control over how much light is passed through the aperture or else either your eyes may get damaged or you won’t see anything
Diaphragm
Hanging from the lower end of the body tube, there is a circular rotating platform that can hold different kinds of objective lenses
Nose piece
They are the most used parts of a microscope; they move the lens assembly up and down
Adjustment knobs
These are the parts that create the image of the specimen that you will see at the end
Optical parts
This is the source of light placed below the stage
Illuminator or mirror
This is just a broad lens right under the diaphragm that focuses the light coming from the mirror (or bulb) and focuses it sharply right through the narrow hole of the aperture
Condenser
This is the lens at the very top of the microscope, through which you look inside
Ocular or eyepiece
The most important and vital part, the main lens assembly, without which a microscope cannot function in any way
Objectives
Study of cells
Cytology
Who responsible for naming cells?
Robert Hooke
A dutch microscope maker and was first to view organism( living things) in 1673
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
he concluded that plants were made of cells also he is a cofounder of the cell theory
(German botanist)
Matthias Schleiden
He concluded that all animals were made of cells; also cofounded the cell theory
(German zoologist)
Theodore Schwann
In 1855, he reasoned that all cells come from other pre existing cells by division
(German medical doctor)
Rudolph Virchow
Cell theory states that:
- All living things are made of cells
- Basic unit of life
- Cell division
The combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
Cell Theory
In 1970, American biologist, provided evidence that some organelles within cells were at one time free living cells themselves
Lynn Margulis
3 basic types of cells
- Animal cell
- Plant cell
- Bacterial cell
Largest cell in the human body; seen without the aid of a microscope
Female egg
Composed of one cell
Unicellular
Composed of many cells that may organize into tissues
Multicellular
Cell specialization
Differentiation
Specialized animal cells
• Muscle cells
• Red blood cells
• Cheek cells
Nonliving levels:
- Atom
- Molecule
- Organelles
Living levels:
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ systems
- Organism
Living levels continued:
1. One species in an area
2. Several populations in an area
3. Forest, prairie
4. Tundra, tropical rainforest
5. All living and non living things on earth
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biome
- Biosphere
Simplest type of cell
Prokaryotes
Most complex cell
Eukaryotes
Basic cell structure of eukaryotic cells
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm with organelles
2 main types of eukaryotic cells
- Animal cell
- Plant cell
Very small (microscopic) found in the cytoplasm
Organelles
Types of Electron microscope
Scanning microscope
Transmission microscope
Hole in the center of stage
Aperture
It is the bigger knob, moves the lenses a lot
Coarse adjustment
