Lesson 3: Man and Society Flashcards
refers to a large, independent, and organized
group of people living in the same territory and sharing a common culture and heritage.
Society
- simplest and earliest societies
- adopt a lifestyle dependent on resources
readily available from their surroundings. - primitive
hunting and gathering societies`
example of hunting and gathering societies
nomadic tribes
are centered on mechanized production and the exchange of goods and services.
industrial societies
are technologically advanced societies characterized by industry and mass. production, and advanced communication and transportation.
modern societies
not confined by territory and are composed of individuals coming from various social background
virtual societies
- Focuses on studying society, its constructs, and its influence on the human person.
- It applies philosophical concepts in a social context and looks into how social interactions shape people’s
perceptions, exper iences, ideas, and values.
social philosophy
How is society formed?
society is a natural outcome
of this human tendency to socialize.
- In order to fully understand the true character of
society, they imagined humans as living in a so-called _____. - is a hypothetical condition in which humans, or individuals exist without the influence of organized society, laws, or social institutions.
natural state
True or False
Thomas Hobbes described the natural state of a man as governed by his desires and these often lead to conflict with his fellowmen.
*
True
Society is the means by which men seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order.
an agreement where individuals sacrifice some of their rights and submit to a higher authority.
Social Contract
John Locke considered man in his natural state as more uncooperative and unreasonable.
False
man in his natural state as more cooperative and reasonable.
Society is formed through the consent of the individuals who organized it, a concept known as
consent of the governed
is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society.
social contract
Jean Jacques Rousseau idea on the social contract led him to advocate the concept of the general wisdom
False
advocate the concept of the general will
- comes from the sovereign citizens and they entrust their will to the government.
- The people have empowered the government to act on their behalf, and it is considered to be the best judge of what’s best for the society.
Concept of General Will
John Rawls redefined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests.
True
- no knowledge of one’s own characteristics
- in this state, humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their own interests.
Original Position
a significant factor in building and maintaining societies.
self-interest
claims that if morality and self-interest coincide, then morality would be easy; we would just follow our interests.
Gauthier’s Moral Theory
How does society influence a person?
Through socialization
- process by which an individual learns the prevailing behaviors, attitudes, and values within his or her society.
- A person adopts a set of ideals and behaviors considered appropriate within his or her own society.
Socialization
A psychological experiment conducted in August 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors.
Standford Prison Experiment
It is a set of expected behaviors that must be performed by a person.
Social Roles
defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
Social Group
A perspective that considers a democratic society as morally desirable.
normative democratic theory
- is recognized to be more individualistic and secular
- seen as being assertive and direct
western society
-
- rigid and formal in their social dealings as they value respect, familial relations, and social status
- approach social interactions with a degree of deference toward other people
asian societies
are evident in the filipino society
harmonious relationsips
community relations are also defined by the desire to establish and maintain
smooth interpersonal relationships
This also influences Filipino ethics and morality, which are considered to be family centered and conservative
Religion
He describes man’s self interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies
David Gauthier
He described that man in his natural state is naturally selfish, leading to conflict among individuals
Thomas Hobbes
