Lesson 3 - History Flashcards
What are the igneous rock-related ore deposits in the Philippines?
- Porphyry Cu- Au ,
- Epithermal Au of High to Low Sulfidation,
- Skarn Deposit (Fe, Cu, Au) ,
- Residual Deposits (weathering/erosion) -Placer Au, Iron-Nickel laterite
What are the mineral districts in Mindanao?
Zamboanga (Cu, Au, Cr) Eastern Mindanao (Cu, Au, Ni, Cr)
This exploration history in which exploration is only limited to readily extractable and usable materials (mainly copper, iron, gold, silver and clay for pottery)
Pre-colonial
What is Royal Decree of 1837?
It is the Inspeccion General de Minas
When was the Mining Bureau was established?
1900
When was the Second Mining Law Enacted?
1902
When was the Benguet Mine was established?
1907
When was the Philippine Gold Boom?
1930
When was the 3rd Mining Law was enacted?
1936
What is the Commonwealth Act No.137
Commonwealth Act No. 137, also known as the Mining Act of 1936, was the first comprehensive mining law in the Philippines. It aimed to regulate the exploration, development, and utilization of mineral resources in the country.
When was LCMC was established?
1936
On the year 1936, how many tons was gold per year production?
37 tons gold / year
During the year 1936, what commodity was produced from the mineral district of Zambales, Dinagat, and Siquijor?
chromite
During the Pre-WWII what were the Mineral Districts?
-Baguio Gold District,
-Paracale Gold District,
-Masbate Gold District,
-Surigao Gold District
During the WW2. what type of commodity did the Japanese mine?
Cu, Chromite, Mn, Fe, Coal, and Au
When was the bulk mining (open pit) method was introduced in the Philippines?
1950’s
When was the copper boom in the Philippines?
1950’s
When did the Atlas Mine open?
1955
When did Sipalay Mine Open?
1957
Siplay Mine Ore Bodies
Cansibit-Binulig, Baclao
When did Philex Mine opened?
1958
What orebody of Marcopper Mine was operational on 1964
Tapian Ore Body
True or False: Gold performed badly during the Post War (1950’s to 60’) this is due to the low price of 12 tons/year in production
True
What is PD 463, and when was it enacted?
Presidential Decree No. 463, also known as the Mineral Resources Development Decree of 1974, was enacted on May 17, 1974, during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos Sr. This decree aimed to promote and regulate the exploration, development, utilization, and conservation of mineral resources in the Philippines. It served as the governing law for mining activities before being replaced by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942).
When was PD 1899 (Small-Scale Mining Law) enacted in the Philippines?
1954
What are examples of downstream mineral processing facilities in the Philippines?
PASAR (Philippine Associated Smelting and Refining Corporation) and Nonoc Nickel Plant.
How many gold deposits were discovered, and how many mines operated between 1971-1981?
13 gold deposits were discovered, and 45 mines were operating.
What percentage of total Philippine exports did gold mining contribute in 1980?
21% of the total exports
How many porphyry copper deposits were discovered in the Philippines during the 70’s to 80’s
About 40 Porphyry Copper Deposits
What major geological theory influenced mineral exploration in the Philippines?
The advent of Plate Tectonics Theory
What advancements in mineral exploration were introduced during the 70’s to 80’s?
Novel exploration techniques and new geologic and ore formation models.
What cooperative exploration programs were conducted by the government?
Programs such as UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and RP-Japan exploration and research projects.
What significant political event occurred in 1972 that influenced the mining industry?
Declaration of Martial Law by President Ferdinand Marcos, leading to increased government control over natural resources, including mining.
What law was enacted in 1974 to regulate mining operations in the Philippines?
Presidential Decree No. 463 (P.D. 463), which aimed to revitalize the mining industry by enforcing stricter regulations and promoting mineral development.
What law, enacted in 1984, aimed to regulate small-scale mining in the Philippines?
Presidential Decree No. 1899 (P.D. 1899), which legalized and regulated small-scale mining activities.
What major mineral processing facilities were planned and constructed in the 1970s and early 1980s?
PASAR (Philippine Associated Smelting and Refining Corporation) and the Nonoc Nickel Plant, aimed at downstream processing of copper and nickel.
How many gold deposits were discovered in the Philippines during the 1970s and early 1980s?
13 gold deposits, contributing significantly to the country’s mineral wealth.
How many mines were operating in the Philippines from 1971 to 1981, and what percentage of total exports did mining contribute in 1980?
45 mines were operating, and mining accounted for 21% of total exports in 1980.
What major geological discovery was made in the Philippines in the 1970s?
Discovery of approximately 40 porphyry copper deposits, marking a boom in copper exploration.
What major scientific breakthrough influenced geological exploration during this period?
The advent of Plate Tectonics Theory, which provided a new framework for understanding ore deposit formation.
What major mining-related programs were launched by the government in cooperation with international organizations?
Cooperative exploration programs with UNDP, RP-Japan, and other international partners to support geological research and mineral exploration.
What political event in 1984 drastically altered the Philippine mining industry?
The People Power Revolution (1984-1986), leading to major policy shifts and a decline in large-scale mining investments.
What was the ‘Dark Age’ of mining in the Philippines?
The late 1980s to mid-1990s, during which 14 large-scale mining firms collapsed due to economic instability and declining metal prices.
What was the impact of small-scale mining in the 1990s?
Small-scale mining operations, such as Diwalwal, Palo-12, and Boringot, accounted for over 50% of the country’s gold production by 1999.
What law was enacted in 1991 to regulate small-scale mining in the Philippines?
Republic Act No. 7076 (People’s Small-Scale Mining Act), which aimed to legalize and support small-scale mining operations.
What was the significance of Republic Act No. 7942, enacted in 1995?
The Philippine Mining Act of 1995, which promoted foreign investment in mining, established mineral agreements, and set environmental regulations.
What challenges did the mining industry face in the late 1990s and early 2000s?
Low metal prices, environmental disasters, strong public opposition, and complex permitting processes.
When did gold prices reach their lowest point, and how did it affect the Philippine mining industry?
In 2000, gold prices hit their lowest level, leading to reduced investment and mine closures.
When did the Supreme Court uphold the Philippine Mining Act of 1995?
On December 1, 2004, allowing full foreign ownership of mining projects and encouraging large-scale investments.
What major advancements were made in mineral exploration and geological research in the 2000s?
Refinement of exploration techniques, development of new ore formation models, and increased government-led geological surveys with assistance from UNDP, ADB, Japan, Korea, US, UK, Germany, and France.
What were the four major porphyry copper-gold discoveries from the 1990s to early 2000s?
1990: Dinkidi, 1994: Tampakan, 2000: Boyongan, 2004: Bayugo.
What caused the Nickel Rush from 2006 to 2008?
A significant price spike in nickel, driving increased exploration and production, alongside renewed interest in iron, manganese, and chromite.
What remained the primary commodities of interest in the Philippine mining industry as of 2011?
Gold and copper, due to their economic significance and strong market demand.
What were the major developments in nickel and iron ore mining in the late 2000s?
Nickel: Focus on ore delineation and processing. Iron: Emphasis on direct shipping ore (DSO) operations.
What major porphyry Cu-Au projects were under exploration and development in the 2010s?
- Far Southeast (FSE) Porphyry Cu-Au Project (Lepanto/Goldfields),
- Taysan Porphyry Cu-Au Project (Completed NI 43-101 report),
- Kingking Porphyry Cu-Au Project (Completed NI 43-101 report),
- Runruno Au Project (Definitive Feasibility Study completed in May 2010),
- Kay Tanda Au Project (Completed NI 43-101 report).
