Lesson 3: Global Politics and the United Nations

Question 1

the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power.

It refers to the activities, processes, and principles involved in the governance of a community, state, or nation.

It encompasses the struggle for power, the formation of policies, the allocation of resources, and the resolution of conflicts within a society.

It encompasses the ideologies, beliefs, and values that guide decision-making and influence the distribution of authority and resources in a society.

Answer 1

Politics

Question 2

It is a fundamental concept in political philosophy that seeks to explain the origins and basis of legitimate political authority and the relationship between individuals and the government.

Answer 2

Social Contract Theories

Question 3

THis agreement is _____is seen as a hypothetical or historical event where people give up certain natural rights in exchange for the protection of other rights and the establishment of order.

Answer 3

social contract

Question 4

in his work “Leviathan,” portrayed the state of nature as chaotic and brutal, where life was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

He argued that individuals entered into a social contract to escape this state of nature, creating a strong, centralized government (the Leviathan) to maintain order and protect their lives.

Answer 4

Thomas Hobbes

Question 5

He emphasized the protection of natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

He believed that individuals entered into a social contract to secure these rights and that the government’s legitimacy depended on its ability to protect them.

He’s ideas greatly influenced the formation of democratic governments.

Answer 5

John Locke-

Question 6

his theory, outlined in “The Social Contract,” emphasized the importance of the general will and the collective sovereignty of the people.

He believed that individuals should enter into a social contract to create a government that expresses the general will and serves the common good.

Answer 6

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 7

It refers to the ability to influence or control the behavior, decisions, and actions of others or to shape the course of events.

It is a fundamental concept in politics and is often wielded by individuals, groups, or institutions within a society.

It can be exercised through various means, including political authority, economic resources, military force, social influence, and persuasion.

Answer 7

Power

Question 8

It is the formal institution or system through which a society or a political entity exercises authority and control over its members or citizens.

It is responsible for creating and enforcing laws, regulations, and policies that govern the behavior and interactions of individuals and groups within its jurisdiction.

Answer 8

Government

Question 9

It refers to the process and structure by which organizations, institutions, or entities make decisions, implement policies, and exercise authority and control over their operations.

Answer 9

Governance

Question 10

Governance involves the formulation and execution of decisions that guide an organization’s actions and policies. This includes setting objectives, defining strategies, and determining resource allocation.

Answer 10

Decision-Making

Question 11

governance structures establish who has the authority to make decisions and who is accountable for the outcomes of those decisions. In government, for example, elected officials are granted authority by the people and are accountable through elections.

Answer 11

Authority and Accountability

Question 12

Transparent governance practices ensure that information is readily available to stakeholders and the public. Transparency helps build trust, allows for informed decision-making, and reduces the potential for corruption or misconduct.

Answer 12

Transparency

Question 13

Governance systems often rely on established legal frameworks and regulations to ensure that decisions are made within a lawful and fair context. The rule of law helps protect individual rights and maintain social order.

Answer 13

Rule of Law-

Question 14

Many governance systems incorporate mechanisms for checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power. For example, in a democratic government, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches often have distinct roles and can provide oversight over each other.

Answer 14

Checks and Balances

Question 15

Governance requires clear mechanisms for holding individuals and entities accountable for their actions. This can involve audits, performance evaluations, legal proceedings, or other accountability measures.

Answer 15

Accountability

Question 16

Inclusive governance encourages the participation of diverse stakeholders, ensuring that decisions take into account the interests and perspectives of various groups. This is particularly important in democratic systems.

Answer 16

Participation

Question 17

Effective governance aims to achieve desired outcomes efficiently. This involves optimizing resource allocation and monitoring performance to ensure that goals are met.

Answer 17

Efficiency and Effectiveness

Question 18

Ethical governance practices involve adhering to moral and ethical principles in decision-making, promoting fairness, and avoiding actions that harm individuals or society.

Answer 18

Ethical Considerations

Question 19

The political power is vested in the people. Citizens have the right to participate in decision-making, typically through regular elections.

Answer 19

Democracy

Question 20

Citizens directly make decisions on laws and policies.

Answer 20

Direct Democracy

Question 21

Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Answer 21

Representative Democracy

Question 22

It is a form of representative democracy where elected officials represent the interests of the people. It often includes a constitution to protect individual rights and limit government power. The United States is an example

Answer 22

Republic

Question 23

• the political power is vested in a single individual, usually a king or queen, who inherits their position. Examples include the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia.

Answer 23

Monarchy

Question 24

(where the monarch has almost complete power)

Answer 24

absolute

Question 25

(where their powers are limited by a constitution or parliament)

Answer 25

constitutional

Question 26

It is a government system where a small, elite group of individuals or families holds political power and makes decisions for the state. These elites can come from various backgrounds, such as the military, business, or political class.

Answer 26

Oligarchy

Question 27

It is a single person, the autocrat, holds absolute and unchecked power. This form of government can be authoritarian, where individual rights and freedoms are severely restricted. North Korea is an example of an autocracy.

Answer 27

Autocracy

Question 28

It exercises extensive control over many aspects of citizens’ lives, including the economy, media, and culture. They often use propaganda and surveillance to maintain power. North Korea and the former Soviet Union are historical examples

Answer 28

Totalitarianism

Question 29

There is no private ownership, and the state controls all resources. The goal is to achieve a classless society, but in practice, it often leads to a highly centralized government. The People’s Republic of China and Cuba have adopted variations

Answer 29

Communism

Question 30

It emphasizes authoritarianism, nationalism, and the suppression of political opposition. They often centralize power in a single leader. Historical examples include Nazi Germany and Mussolini’s Italy.

Answer 30

Fascism

Question 31

It is a government where religious leaders or religious institutions hold political power and make decisions based on religious principles and laws. Iran is an example of a theocratic state.

Answer 31

Theocracy

Question 32

The political power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, such as states or provinces. Each level of government has specific powers and responsibilities. The United States, Canada, and Germany are examples

Answer 32

Federal System

Question 33

It is a union of sovereign states or regions that come together for common purposes, such as defense or trade. Each member retains a high degree of independence. The European Union is an example

Answer 33

Confederation

Question 34

It is the absence of a formal government or ruling authority. In anarchy, individuals and communities are largely responsible for their own governance.

Answer 34

Anarchy

Question 35

Also known as World Politics.

The discipline that studies the political and economic patterns of the world and the field that is being studied.

It is a dynamic field that evolves in response to changing geopolitical, economic, and technological factors.

Scholars, policymakers, and diplomats closely analyze these developments to understand their implications for the international system and seek ways to promote peace, stability, and cooperation on a global scale.

Answer 35

Global Politics

Question 36

It is a sovereign political entity with defined geographical boundaries and a stable population. It has its own government and the authority to make and enforce laws within its territory

Examples include the United States, China, and Brazil.

Answer 36

State

Question 37

It is a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, or ethnicity and often have a sense of shared identity. A nation doesn’t necessarily correspond to a specific state or political entity.

Answer 37

Nation

Question 38

It is a political entity where the boundaries of the state largely align with the boundaries of a specific nation.

the majority of the population shares a common national identity.

Answer 38

Nation-state

Question 39

It is a sovereign state consisting of a single city and its surrounding territory

Answer 39

City State

Question 40

it is the deepening of interactions between states.

Answer 40

Internationalization

Question 41

It is the political, military and other diplomatic engagement between two or more countries.

It is one of the facets of globalization.

Answer 41

International Relation

Question 42

It refers to the structure of the international system, where sovereign states are the primary actors. In this system, states interact with each other in various ways, including through diplomacy, trade, alliances, and conflict.

Answer 42

The Interstate System

Question 43

represents the most economically developed and technologically advanced regions of the world.

typically have high levels of industrialization, infrastructure, and access to advanced technologies.

They are often the centers of economic and political power and have a strong influence on the global economy. Examples include the United States, Western European nations, and Japan.

Answer 43

Core

Question 44

refers to the least developed and economically disadvantaged regions in the world.

regions often lack advanced industrialization and infrastructure, leading to lower economic development and standards of living.

They are typically dependent on the core for economic and political guidance.

Examples include many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia, and some parts of Latin America.

Answer 44

Periphery

Question 45

represents an intermediate category between the core and periphery.

These regions have some level of industrialization and economic development, but they may still be less economically advanced and politically influential than core countries.

often serve as bridges between the core and periphery, participating in global trade and economic systems.

Examples include Brazil, South Africa, and South Korea.

Answer 45

Semi-Periphery

Question 46

United Nations (UN)

It is an international organization established on ____

Answer 46

October 24, 1945.

Question 47

It was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership.

Answer 47

United Nations (UN)

Question 48

First General Secretary

Answer 48

Trygve Lie of Norway

Question 49

Current General Secretary

Answer 49

António Guterres of Portugal

Question 50

It is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN.

Answer 50

General Assembly

Question 51

It has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Answer 51

Security Council

Question 52

It is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals.

Answer 52

Economic and Social Council

Question 53

It was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence.

Answer 53

Trusteeship Council

Question 54

It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.

role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Answer 54

International Court of Justice

Question 55

It comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization’s other principal bodies.

Answer 55

UN Secretariat