Lesson 3- Energy systems and exercise Flashcards
ATP to ADP is what kind of reaction?
Exogenic reaction
From where does the enrgy come when using muscle?
From splitting of ATP molecule
3 main energy systems are?
- Creatine phosphate
- Anerobic Glycolysis
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Does creatine phosphate give out more ATP than oxidative phosphorylation?
FALSE
Where does the energy from breaking down the Crp go to?
Breakdown of Creatinr phosphate compound goes into phosphorylating the ADP to ATP for muscle relaxation in the muscle
What type of compound is creatinr and what type and how many amino acids is it made up of?
It is an amine (nitrogen containing compound) - made up of 3 amino acids - glycine, arginine and methionine
What are the 2 main food sources for creatine?
Beef and fish
What are the organs that can synthesize creatine?
Liver and kidneys
How much /3 does creatine store in the muscles?
1/3 as creatine and 2/3 as creatine phosphate
what is the chemical compound called that gets excreted is a lot of creatine is taken and flitered through kidneys?
Creatinine
What is the least amount of creatine that you can have in body?
2g/day
Is creatine good for high intensity exercises?
YES!
Is creatine phosphate an anerobic or aerobic energy system?
Anerobic energy system
What is the ratio fo ATP produced for creatine phosphate?
Ratio is 1:1
To how much mmol/kg can the creatine levels go down to?
120 mmmol/kg and 80 mmol/kg being CrP
How many seconds cna creatine phosphate deplete?
5-10 seconds
The recovery of CrP from creatine depends on what?
Depends on the aerobicx metabolsim fo the cell
How does the creatine molecule bcome a CrP?
C–>CrP by taking the ATP produced aerobically from the mitochrondria
How long does it take for creatine phosphsate to be rephosphoryalted from creatine?
1-2 mins - thisis the reason why atheletes breathe hard the first 1-2 minutes
What are the disadvantages of creatine phosphate?
-creatine phosphate is stored in very limited amounts
in the muscle,
-can be depleted rapidly
-has a very
short duration as an energy system.
What are the creatine supplements rule for an acute increase of creatine?
2-3 g/day
20-25 g/day 5-6 days
What are the creatine supplements rule for an slower increase of creatine?
3g/day
Eating _______ with creatine will help with uptake?
CHO
How many % of non responders are there to creatine?
30%
What is the average weight gain with creatine?
0.5-3.5 kg
(AVERAGE IS 1kg)
What is anerobic glycolysis?
It is the breakdown of CHO and putting it through chemical reactions that releases enough energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
What is the final product of Anerobic Glycolysis?
Lactic Acid
What is Lactic Acid?
Lactate + H+
What happens to carbohydrates when consumed by the body?
Transformed into glucose and used or converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle for later use
What is Glycogen?
Many glucose molecules linked together
What is the difference between glycolysis and glycogenolysis?
Glycolysis –> braekdown of glucose
Glycogenolysis –> breakdown of glycogen
How many steps are there in glycolysis?
18 steps, 12 real ones and 6 duplicated/repeated
What is the rate limiting factor in glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Do we have more glycogen in liver or muscles?
We have more glyocgen in muscles
What is the enzyme called for forming glucose into glycogen?
Hexokinase
How many does glycolysis and glycogenolysis yield ATP at the end?
2 ATP for glucose and 3 ATP for glycogen
How many foes turning pyruvate to glucose in the liver yield as ATP?
6 ATP
Whast does oxidative phosphorylation use? (3)
CHO, protein and fats
What are the 3 phases of oxidative phosphorylation?
- Preperation of substrate to be aerobically metabolised
- Oxidative via kreb cycle
- electron transport chain
Who is the last compound to accept the electron?
OXYGEN
How many steps are there for the oxidative phosphorylation steps?
124 steps; 30 compounds, 27 enzymes
What does oxidized mean?
That they have lost an electron
What is the definition for gaining an electron?
Reduction
What is NAD?
Nicotinamide adenosine dinulceotide
What is FAD
Flavin adenosin dinucleotide
What is the rate limiting factor for electron transport chain?
COX –> cytochrome oxidase
How many ATP does opxidative phos yield?
30 ATP with glucose and 32 ATP with glycogen
What is a triglyceride made up of?
A glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is lypolysis?
Breakdown of tryglcerides
What is B-oxdiation?
Basically breaking carbon chains into smaller ones (2 C)
Why is the carnitine shuttle important?
We need it in order to let the Acetyl cOa CROSS INTO THGE MITOCHONDRIA IN ORDER TO BE USED IN THE kREB CYCLE
Can an amino acid group be metabolized aerobically with a nitorgen group?
FALSE
What are examples in which protein becomes the primary source of fuel
Starvation and a glycogen depleted state
