LESSON 3: COMPONENTS OF ENERGY IN

Question 1

Which hormone is produced by adipose cells and helps stimulate satiety?

Answer 1

Leptin

Question 2

Which of the following statements represents a function of the hormone ghrelin?

Answer 2

Stimulates appetite
Released by the stomach
Concentration affected by age and gender

Question 3

There are a variety of factors that influence appetite:

Answer 3

Food in the stomach
Leptin and ghrelin production
Social factors
Activity level

Question 4

Leptin

Answer 4

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose cells that decreases appetite when released. Leptin sends a signal to the brain signaling that enough food has been consumed and appetite should be inhibited. Leptin is supposed to tell the brain that we have reached a state of desired caloric intake and how many calories are stored

Question 5

Ghrelin

Answer 5

Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced and released primarily by the stomach, with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas, and brain. Ghrelin has the opposite effect of leptin, and thus is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage. Ghrelin stimulates fat deposition and growth hormone release, leading to increased hunger and fat storage

Question 6

CCK

Answer 6

CCK (Cholecystokinin) is a hormone released in the gastrointestinal system and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein (Sekiguchi, 2016). CCK is secreted by cells of the upper small intestine. CCK is released when amino acids or fatty acids enter into the stomach or beginning of the small intestines. CCK stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine to help breakdown fat and protein.

Question 7

NPY

Answer 7

NPY (Neuropeptide Y) is a neuropeptide hormone linked to the autonomic nervous system. Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other (Beck, 2006). Neuropeptide molecules influence the activity of the brain and the body in specific ways. NPY is a specialized hormone produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. NPY helps stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates appetite and fat storage

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen. Insulin helps keeps blood-sugar levels from getting too high, also referred to as hyperglycemia. Insulin increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissue (e.g., skeletal muscle) while also decreasing the production of glucose by the liver

Question 9

Glucagon

Answer 9

Glucagon is a hormone that is released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown of stored glucose (glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream for fuel.

Question 10

Practicing Mindful Eating

Answer 10

Eat When Hungry: No matter how powerless you feel over food and your feelings, it is possible to make a positive change.
Do Not Let Emotions Control Eating: You can find healthier ways to deal with your emotions, learn to eat mindfully instead of mindlessly, regain control of your weight, and, finally, put a stop to emotional eating.
Engage All Six Senses: As you serve and eat your meal, notice the sounds, colors, smells, and textures, as well as your mind’s response to them, not just the taste.
Modest Portions: Moderation is an essential component of mindful eating.
Savor Small Bites: Enjoy each bite.
Eat Slow: Eating slowly may help you notice when you are feeling pleasantly satisfied so that you can stop before you have eaten too much.
Chew Thoroughly: Take time to chew each bite thoroughly.
Do Not Skip Meals: Skipping meals can make it harder to make mindful choices.

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and helps to either usher glucose into cells or store it as glycogen when blood sugar levels are high?

Answer 11

Insulin