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FSC330 > Lesson 3 - Communications and Report Writing > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Communications and Report Writing Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of verbal communication

A

Phone discussions
Case and work discussions

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2
Q

Give examples of written communication

A

Emails
Work notes
Reports

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3
Q

What is the purpose of phone calls? (3)

A

To get info
To give info
To discuss and negotiate an understanding of the testing strategy to be undertaken

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4
Q

What is the email equivalent of a phone call?

A

6 emails

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5
Q

What should be documented about a phone call?

A

Who, what, when

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6
Q

What should be kept in mind when communicating through emails?

A

Use appropriate language
Permanent
Disclosure implications, FOI

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7
Q

What was a conclusion of the NAS report in regards to reporting and testifying?

A

There is a critical need in most fields of forensic science to raise the standards for reporting and testifying about the results of investigations

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8
Q

List recommendations 7-10 in the proceedings involving Guy Paul Morin

A
  1. written policy for forensic reports
  2. the use of appropriate forensic language
  3. specific language to be avoided by forensic scientists
  4. specific language to be adopte d
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9
Q

What was concluded about the use of “consistent with”

A

Forensic medical practitioners should be cautious using this phrase.
Data suggests jurors cannot be relied upon to give it a single, consistent meaning

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10
Q

What are reports important? (4)

A

Words matter
Formal way to ensure accurate results/information are provided to clients
Provides the basis for opinion evidence
Ensures opinions and results are transparent to all parties involved in the case

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11
Q

List the 4 types of forensic science reports.

A

Notification letter
Analytical report
Interpretive report
Letter of opinion

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12
Q

What is a notification letter?

A

Formal written release of preliminary investigative information.

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13
Q

What is an analytical report?

A

Formal, written release of information documenting the results of the laboratory analysis only, with limited interpretations if required.

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14
Q

What is an interpretive report?

A

Formal, written release of information documenting the results of the laboratory examinations, including the interpretation of any findings, opinions and quantification of the significance of associations along with statements of limitations, where required.

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15
Q

What is a letter of opinion?

A

A formal letter providing a scientific opinion based on the information or a scenario provided to the scientist.

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16
Q

What important information should be included in a report? (9)

A

Laboratory or investigator file number
Submitter’s file number
Contact info for report writer or lab
Report recipient and names of investigators
Reference to the individuals involved
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Limitations

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17
Q

What needs to be ensured about a written report?

A

Need to ensure compliance with ISO17025, the supplemental standard, and lab policy

18
Q

What is some helpful information to include in a written report? (3)

A

Use headings to highlight main findings
Use references and provide details about methods used
Include relevant photographs with appropriate labels

19
Q

What are supporting documents?

A

Additional info not necessarily contained in reports.

20
Q

Give examples of supporting documents.

A

Evidence continuity reports
Details of examination and full description of analytical methods
Dates the exam/analyses performed
Examination notes
Submission information

21
Q

Give examples of information sheets labs might provide in addition to their reports. (5)

A

Additional info about lab methods
Definitions of terms
Scope of testing
Provide general limitations on tests or methods used
Assist in understanding the particular area of forensic science involved.

22
Q

What ethical considerations must be made when writing a forensic psychology report? (2)

A

Subject must be instructed that the results of an evaluation are not confidential
Report should only include what is important for the forensic evaluation

23
Q

Outline a basic forensic psychology report.\

A

Reason for referral
Background info
Interview and collateral contacts
Test results
Overall analysis

24
Q

What is evaluative reporting?

A

A way of interpreting the strength of findings from an examination of evidence given two competing propositions.

25
Q

How is evaluative reporting helpful?

A

Designed to investigate the possibility of secondary or tertiary transfer of forensic evidence.

26
Q

When it comes to DNA-based examinations, how is the focus of the exams shifting?

A

Shifting from who is the source of DNA to how did it get there?

27
Q

What is a hierarchy of propositions

A

Refers to level at which the propositions are aimed.

28
Q

List the levels in hierarchy of propositions

A

Offense, activity, source

29
Q

Is it possible for a scientist to speculate on the truth of a proposition without considering at least an alternative proposition?

A

No

30
Q

In what instances is evaluative reporting used?

A

Can be used by comparative forensic science disciplines where an opinion is based on observations, or where a decision has to be made.

31
Q

When is evaluative reporting not typically used?

A

For factual/technical reporting

32
Q

Give an example of a body that uses evaluative reporting.

A

Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI)

33
Q

How is evaluative reporting used?

A

Provides assessment of relative weight to a finding

34
Q

When is evaluative reporting produced?

A

In advance of trial

35
Q

Do evaluative reports contain some elements of technical reports?

A

Yes

36
Q

What is the likelihood ratio?

A

Assigns a numerical value in favour or against one proposition over another.

37
Q

Give the likelihood ratio equation and define each variable.

A

LR = Pr(E/Hp, I) / (Pr(E/Hd, I)
Hp = aligns with prosecution case
Hd = reasonable alternative consistent with defense case
I = relevant background info

38
Q

Indicate what each LR value means:
LR = 1
LR>1
LR <1

A

LR = 1 both propositions are equal
LR > 1 - findings favour prosecution
LR < 1 Findings favour defense

39
Q

Where do the statistics used in LR come from? (4)

A

statistical surveys
experiments under controlled conditions
opinions based on training and experience
research studies and papers

40
Q

Give tips on how to communicate during your job search (4).

A

Move from the lunchroom to the courtroom
Art of conversation
Demonstrate competencies
Provide objective evidence of your qualifications

FSC330 (10 decks)

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