Lesson 3: Cell Structure and Membranes Flashcards
What is the voltage across a membrane called?
A. osmotic potential B. membrane potential C. chemical gradient D. water potential E. electrochemical gradient
B. membrane potential
Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells?
A. simple diffusion B. exocytosis C. active transport pumps D. phagocytosis E. facilitated diffusion
E. facilitated diffusion
What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?
A. mitochondrial proteins B. secreted proteins C. plasma membrane proteins D. extracellular matrix proteins E. endoplasmic reticulum proteins
A. mitochondrial proteins
A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?
A. The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the
toy microscope to magnify.
B. The toy microscope magnifies a good deal but has
low resolution and therefore poor quality images.
C. The college microscope produces greater contrast
in the specimens.
D. The toy microscope usually uses a different
a wavelength of light source.
E. The toy microscope does not have the same fine
control for the focus of the specimen.
B. The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images.
Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?
A. lysosome B. chloroplast C. glyoxysome D. central vacuole E. peroxisome
A. lysosome
Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?
A. actin filaments and ribosomes B. microtubules and motor proteins C. actin filaments and microtubules D. centrioles and motor proteins E. actin filaments and motor proteins
B. microtubules and motor proteins
Which of the following statements concerning bacteria and archaea cells is correct?
A. Archaea cells contain small membrane-enclosed
organelles; bacteria do not.
B. DNA is present in both archaea cells and bacteria
cells.
C. Archaea cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus;
bacteria do not.
D. DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria
and archaea cells.
B. DNA is present in both archaea cells and bacteria cells.
Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
A. glyoxysome B. peroxisome C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondrion E. vacuole
D. mitochondrion
Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?
A. The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution and the
plant cell is in an isotonic solution.
B. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution and the
plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.
C. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution and the
plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.
D. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution and the
plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.
E. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution and the
plant cell is in an isotonic solution.
D. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.
Nitrous oxide gas molecules diffusing across a cell’s plasma membrane is an example of
A. active transport. B. diffusion across the lipid bilayer. C. osmosis. D. facilitated diffusion. E. cotransport.
B. diffusion across the lipid bilayer.
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using
A. a confocal fluorescence microscope. B. a phase-contrast light microscope. C. a transmission electronic microscope. D. a super-resolution fluorescence microscope. E. a scanning electron microscope.
C. a transmission electronic microscope.
Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?
A. The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water.
B. There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.
C. Molecules such as cellulose can pull them in various directions.
D. Lipids and proteins repulse each other in the membrane.
E. Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane.
B. There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane.
When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
A. Plasmolysis will shrink the interior. B. The cell will become turgid. C. The cell membrane will lose. D. The cell will become flaccid. E. The cell will burst.
B. The cell will become turgid.
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
A. DNA. B. a cell wall. C. a plasma membrane. D. an endoplasmic reticulum. E. ribosomes.
D. an endoplasmic reticulum.
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope. The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism. They have a clear area in the middle, a defined shape, and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges.
You look at another group of cells; it looks entirely different. They appear independent of each other and are constantly changing shape and “crawling” across the slide. There are large and small structures moving around inside the cells. You identify these cells as
A. plant. B. bacteria. C. archaea. D. animal. E. protist.
E. protist.
