Lesson 3: Bio, Chem and Nuclear terrorism: Role of the laboratory

Question 1

it involves biological weapons used for bioterrorism attacks

Answer 1

bioterrorism

Question 2

bioterrorism is usualy derived from

Answer 2

soil
pharmaceutical products
castor beans
academic institutions

Question 3

its main role is to “role out” suspected agents of bioterror rather than perform complete identification or highly complex analyses

Answer 3

Level A laboratory

Question 4

must always operate in compliance with accepted BSL-2 requirements and it is also the first defense in the detection of bioterrorism agents

Answer 4

level A lab

Question 5

It performs more sophisticated molecular testing on strains

Answer 5

Lvel D Lab

Question 6

it archives organisms for future studies or referencs

Answer 6

Level D lab

Question 7

noting when the spx was received, how it was processed, and what day it was released. this term must always be exercised. this is called the

Answer 7

chain of custody

Question 8

It is a spore-forming gram-positive bacteria which is present in soil and is usually associated with wildlife, cattle, sheep and goat

Answer 8

Bacillus anthracis

Question 9

A gold standard seen in px with anthrax

Answer 9

black carbuncle

Question 10

T/F. MOI for B. anthracis via skin, eating, inhalation and blood

Answer 10

False. only skin, eating and inhalation

Question 11

T/F. Weapon grade for anthrax: must always have small pore size, must clump in order to resist chemical and heat, quantity of spores present, effective delivery system

Answer 11

False. lack of clumping.

additional of polymer to prevent spores from clumping

Question 12

The anthrax spores must remain airborne in a concentration that is high enough to be inhaled deep into the lungs, approx. how many spores should it have to become n effective weapon

Answer 12

8,000 to 40,000 spores

Question 13

What are the 3 types of Anthrax infection

Answer 13

Skin/Cutaneous
Inhalation
Gastrointestinal

Question 14

A type of anthrax infection that has rare fatality rate where lesions begin as small , painless pimples on exposed skin ans progress to vesicles and eventually develops eschar within 2-6 days

Answer 14

skin/cutaneous

Question 15

A phase in one of the type anthrax infection where it is characterized by mid flu-like symptoms

2. What is the type of anthrax infection

Answer 15

initial phase

2. inhalation

Question 16

A phase in one of the type anthrax infection where it can eventually lead to serious symptoms

Answer 16

acute phase

Question 17

1. this anthrax infection occurs by ingesting contaminated meat, raw or undercooked, from infected animals
2. What is its incubation period?
3. What is its fatality rate
4. What are its 2 types

Answer 17

1. Gastrointestinal
2. 2-7 days
3. 25-60%
4. Intestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and oropharyngeal (neck swelling, difficulty swallowing)

Question 18

What is the single most impt protective measure against any bioterrorism agent

Answer 18

hand washing

Question 19

Are protectivr against spore aerosols

Answer 19

N95 respirator masks

Question 20

1. Any surface suspected of being contaminated with B. anthracis should be sanitized with
2. Any cut, scratch or barasion should be covered with a dressing that has been coated with

Answer 20

1. 1:10 dilution of household bleach
2. 1% tincture of iodine

Question 21

Identify the causative agent where samples such as blood, CSF and skin in direct smears shows encapsulated gram pos rods

Answer 21

B. anthracis

Question 22

Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.

samples such as blood, CSF and eschar shows encapsulated gram pos rods and generally, spores are not seen

Answer 22

direct smear

Question 23

large gram pos bacilli which may be gram variable after 72 hrs. spores can be found in culture esp. under non CO2 but are nonswollen

Answer 23

B. Anthracis; culture smear

Question 24

Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.

rapidly growing of B. anthracis by 2-5 mm, nonhemolytic, nonpigmented, dry “ground-glass” surface colonies with irregular edges having comma-shaped projections

Answer 24

colonies on sheep blood agar plates

Question 25

Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.

medusa head

Answer 25

colonies on sheep blood agar plates

Question 26

Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.

the colony has a sticky (tenaciosu) consistency when teased with a loop

Answer 26

colonies on sheep blood agar plates

Question 27

Fill in the blanks.

B. anthracis is a nonmotile, catalase 1.___, urease 2.____, nitrate 3.____, enacapsulated bacillus can be lysed by 4.____ and is usually performed by Level 5. ___ laboratory

Answer 27

1. positive
2. negative
3. positive
4. gamma phage
5. b/c

Question 28

1. it is a zoonotic disease that primarily infects rodents and man is only the accidental host
2. what is the causative agent

Answer 28

1. plague
2. Yersinia pestis
3. untreated pneumonic plague - 100%
   bubonic plaque - 50%

Question 29

Plague can be trasmitted by rat flea 1.(_________), 2._______, human flea 3.(______)

Answer 29

1. Xenopsylla cheopsis
2. oriental flea
3. Pullex irritans

Question 30

T/F. Y. pestis survived in eosinophils where they produce capsule to resist phagocytosis

Answer 30

False. monocytosis

Question 31

A plague that is delivered by contaminated fleas as vectors and shows characteristic of septicimia

T/F. this plague can be transmitted person to person

Answer 31

bubonic plague

False.

Question 32

A plague that can be spread by aerosols through cough

Answer 32

Pneumonic plague

Question 33

A plague that is characterized by swelling of lymph nodes

Answer 33

bubonic plague

Question 34

At what size is the large particle droplet of a px with pneumonic plague be transmitted that is generated by coughing, talking or sneezing

Answer 34

> 5 microns

Question 35

Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.

Bipolar staining (“safety pin”)

Answer 35

Y. Pestis
direct smear

Question 36

Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.

plump gram neg rods

Answer 36

Y. pestis

culture smear

Question 37

Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.

fried egg or hammered copper

Answer 37

Y. pestis

colonies on sheep blood agar

Question 38

Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.

gros as pin point non-lactose-fermenting colonies

Answer 38

Y. pestis

MacConkey

Question 39

Y. pestis when grow in borth shows ___

Answer 39

stalactite clumps

Question 40

Y. pestis are catalse ___ urease ___ and oxidase ___

Answer 40

catalase pos, urease neg, oxidase neg

Question 41

what are the causative agents for Brucellosis

Answer 41

B. melitensis - camel
B. suis - pig
B. canis - dog
B. aburtos _ cattle

Question 42

What are the 2 morphologically different colony types of brucellosis

this type is more pathogenic d/t presence og capsule

Answer 42

smooth and rough

smooth

Question 43

Identify causative agents when clinical features show rising and falling of fever, fever usually diagnosed with unknown origin and most death is d/t endocarditis and meningitis

Answer 43

brucellosis

Question 44

T/F. Brucella has low fatality rate, can be transmitted person to person, no spore form

Answer 44

false. cannot be transmitted person to person same with anthrax

Question 45

A causative agent that is one of the most commonly reported laboratory-acquired infection

Answer 45

Brucellosis

Question 46

A gram neg coccobacilli tha appears “fine sand” and it is one of the most commonly reported laboratory-acquired infxn

Answer 46

brucellosis

Question 47

Causative agent for rabbity fever

Answer 47

Francisella tularensis