Lesson 3: Bio, Chem and Nuclear terrorism: Role of the laboratory Flashcards
it involves biological weapons used for bioterrorism attacks
bioterrorism
bioterrorism is usualy derived from
soil
pharmaceutical products
castor beans
academic institutions
its main role is to “role out” suspected agents of bioterror rather than perform complete identification or highly complex analyses
Level A laboratory
must always operate in compliance with accepted BSL-2 requirements and it is also the first defense in the detection of bioterrorism agents
level A lab
It performs more sophisticated molecular testing on strains
Lvel D Lab
it archives organisms for future studies or referencs
Level D lab
noting when the spx was received, how it was processed, and what day it was released. this term must always be exercised. this is called the
chain of custody
It is a spore-forming gram-positive bacteria which is present in soil and is usually associated with wildlife, cattle, sheep and goat
Bacillus anthracis
A gold standard seen in px with anthrax
black carbuncle
T/F. MOI for B. anthracis via skin, eating, inhalation and blood
False. only skin, eating and inhalation
T/F. Weapon grade for anthrax: must always have small pore size, must clump in order to resist chemical and heat, quantity of spores present, effective delivery system
False. lack of clumping.
additional of polymer to prevent spores from clumping
The anthrax spores must remain airborne in a concentration that is high enough to be inhaled deep into the lungs, approx. how many spores should it have to become n effective weapon
8,000 to 40,000 spores
What are the 3 types of Anthrax infection
Skin/Cutaneous
Inhalation
Gastrointestinal
A type of anthrax infection that has rare fatality rate where lesions begin as small , painless pimples on exposed skin ans progress to vesicles and eventually develops eschar within 2-6 days
skin/cutaneous
A phase in one of the type anthrax infection where it is characterized by mid flu-like symptoms
- What is the type of anthrax infection
initial phase
- inhalation
A phase in one of the type anthrax infection where it can eventually lead to serious symptoms
acute phase
- this anthrax infection occurs by ingesting contaminated meat, raw or undercooked, from infected animals
- What is its incubation period?
- What is its fatality rate
- What are its 2 types
- Gastrointestinal
- 2-7 days
- 25-60%
- Intestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and oropharyngeal (neck swelling, difficulty swallowing)
What is the single most impt protective measure against any bioterrorism agent
hand washing
Are protectivr against spore aerosols
N95 respirator masks
- Any surface suspected of being contaminated with B. anthracis should be sanitized with
- Any cut, scratch or barasion should be covered with a dressing that has been coated with
- 1:10 dilution of household bleach
- 1% tincture of iodine
Identify the causative agent where samples such as blood, CSF and skin in direct smears shows encapsulated gram pos rods
B. anthracis
Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.
samples such as blood, CSF and eschar shows encapsulated gram pos rods and generally, spores are not seen
direct smear
large gram pos bacilli which may be gram variable after 72 hrs. spores can be found in culture esp. under non CO2 but are nonswollen
B. Anthracis; culture smear
Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.
rapidly growing of B. anthracis by 2-5 mm, nonhemolytic, nonpigmented, dry “ground-glass” surface colonies with irregular edges having comma-shaped projections
colonies on sheep blood agar plates
Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.
medusa head
colonies on sheep blood agar plates
Identify what is used during the presumptive identification based on the criteria shown.
the colony has a sticky (tenaciosu) consistency when teased with a loop
colonies on sheep blood agar plates
Fill in the blanks.
B. anthracis is a nonmotile, catalase 1.___, urease 2.____, nitrate 3.____, enacapsulated bacillus can be lysed by 4.____ and is usually performed by Level 5. ___ laboratory
- positive
- negative
- positive
- gamma phage
- b/c
- it is a zoonotic disease that primarily infects rodents and man is only the accidental host
- what is the causative agent
- plague
- Yersinia pestis
- untreated pneumonic plague - 100%
bubonic plaque - 50%
Plague can be trasmitted by rat flea 1.(_________), 2._______, human flea 3.(______)
- Xenopsylla cheopsis
- oriental flea
- Pullex irritans
T/F. Y. pestis survived in eosinophils where they produce capsule to resist phagocytosis
False. monocytosis
A plague that is delivered by contaminated fleas as vectors and shows characteristic of septicimia
T/F. this plague can be transmitted person to person
bubonic plague
False.
A plague that can be spread by aerosols through cough
Pneumonic plague
A plague that is characterized by swelling of lymph nodes
bubonic plague
At what size is the large particle droplet of a px with pneumonic plague be transmitted that is generated by coughing, talking or sneezing
> 5 microns
Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.
Bipolar staining (“safety pin”)
Y. Pestis
direct smear
Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.
plump gram neg rods
Y. pestis
culture smear
Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.
fried egg or hammered copper
Y. pestis
colonies on sheep blood agar
Describe the causative agent and what is used during presumptive identificarion.
gros as pin point non-lactose-fermenting colonies
Y. pestis
MacConkey
Y. pestis when grow in borth shows ___
stalactite clumps
Y. pestis are catalse ___ urease ___ and oxidase ___
catalase pos, urease neg, oxidase neg
what are the causative agents for Brucellosis
B. melitensis - camel
B. suis - pig
B. canis - dog
B. aburtos _ cattle
What are the 2 morphologically different colony types of brucellosis
this type is more pathogenic d/t presence og capsule
smooth and rough
smooth
Identify causative agents when clinical features show rising and falling of fever, fever usually diagnosed with unknown origin and most death is d/t endocarditis and meningitis
brucellosis
T/F. Brucella has low fatality rate, can be transmitted person to person, no spore form
false. cannot be transmitted person to person same with anthrax
A causative agent that is one of the most commonly reported laboratory-acquired infection
Brucellosis
A gram neg coccobacilli tha appears “fine sand” and it is one of the most commonly reported laboratory-acquired infxn
brucellosis
Causative agent for rabbity fever
Francisella tularensis
