Lesson 3. Arausal, anxiety and stress and their relation with performance

Question 1

What is arousal?

Answer 1

A blend of physiological and psychological energy. Degree of activation.

Question 2

True or false: arousal has a general, complex physological expression, like heart rate, respiration and sweating.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What’s the difference between trait and state anxiety?

Answer 3

Trait anxiety is a part of the personality and state anxiety is a changing mood characterized by subjective, consciously perceived feeling of tension and apprehension.

Question 4

True or false: trait anxiety goes together with the activation of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 4

False, the state anxiety does this.

Question 5

What is the direct relationship between state en trait anxiety?

Answer 5

Athletes with high trait anxiety will also experience more state anxiety in highly competitive situations.

Question 6

When does stress occurs?

Answer 6

Stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the demands and the capacity of tje athlete to response.

Question 7

Describe the four stages of stress.

Answer 7

Stage 1: Environmental demand
Stage 2: Perception of demand
Stage 3: Physical and psychological response (Stress response)
Stage 4: Behavioral consequences

Question 8

The relationship between arousal/anxiety and performance can be described by which models?

Answer 8

Drive theory
Inverted U-hypotheses
Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)
Multidimensional anxiety theory
Catastrophe model

Question 9

True or false: the drive theory states that the more aroused someone is, the better he performs.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or false: The inverted U-hypotheses states that high performances go with the OPTIMAL level of arousal and lesser performance with either LOW or very HIGH arousal.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or false: Hanin’s Optimal Zone of Functioning Hypothesis (IZOF) states that is it importantant for coaches and teachers to help participants identify and reach their own specific zone of STATE ANXIETY

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The Multidimensional Anxiety thoery states that….??

Answer 12

That physiological arousal (somatic anxiety) and worry (cognitive state anxiety) affect performers differently.

Question 13

Why does the Hardy’s Catastrophe model is being called this way?

Answer 13

Because this model stated that there are two kind of reactions when someone is highly cognitive aroused(anxiety) or low. When someone has a low cognitive anxiety: physiological arousal is related to performance in an inverted U-fashion.
When someone has high cognitive anxiety, behind the optimal aoural level, the performance drops CATASTROPHICALLY

Question 14

Two athletes experience the same level of anxiety, but the effect on performance can differ. Why?

Answer 14

• -> because there are differences in the athlete himself. Elite vs. non-elite athletes
• -> because of the differences in: positive and negative expectations.

Question 15

How can increased arousal influence the performance of the athlete?

Answer 15

Muscle tension, fatigue and coordination difficulties (muscle soreness, paind)
Attention and concentration changes

Question 16

Name a few examples of how anxiety and arousal levels can be measured.

Answer 16

Physiological signs: heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance.
Self reporting scales: Sport competition axiety test (SCAT) and competitive state anxiety inventory -2 (SCAI -2)