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Lesson 3 and 4 > Lesson 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

exercise physiology

A

the study of how the body functions during physical activity and exercise

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2
Q

systolic

A

the pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls during ventricular contraction

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3
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the cardiac cycle

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4
Q

lipid

A

name for fats used in the body and the blood stream

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5
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar; form in which carbs used in body

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6
Q

anxiety

A

state of uneasiness

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7
Q

depression

A

action of lowering muscle or bond, or movement in the inferior or downward direction.

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8
Q

adipose tissue

A

connective tissue made of fat cells

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9
Q

essential fat

A

fatty acids the body needs but can’t synthesize. omega 3 and 6

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10
Q

storage fat

A

in adipose tissue;acts as an energy store and thermal insulation, and also cushions the internal organs

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11
Q

hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease

A

high blood pressure, blood pressure above 140/90mmHg; type 2 most common form

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12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

regulates the body for heartbeat, digestion, and sleeping

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13
Q

vagal withdrawal

A

effect on heart when parasympathtic nerve fibers are inhibited by sympathtic nervous system during exercise

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14
Q

hormones

A

chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a target organ

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15
Q

Q10 effect

A

physiological phenomenon wherein chemical reactions occur twice as fast when the temp is increased by 10 degrees Celsius

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16
Q

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

A

measurably increased rate of oxygen uptake following strenuous activity. extra oxygen used in the processes that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just preformed

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17
Q

anaerobic threshold

A

point during high intensity exercising when body can no longer meet its demand of oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates; lactate threshold;VT1

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18
Q

VT1 and VT2

A

VT1:
VT2: high intensity exercise can no longer be sustained due to accumulation of lactate

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19
Q

glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of liver and muscle glycogen to yield blood glucose

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20
Q

connective tissues

A

tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body

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21
Q

respiratory system

A

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

22
Q

arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference

A

difference in oxygen content between arterial and mixed venous blood, which reflects the amount of oxygen removed by the whole body

23
Q

all or none principle

A

principle of muscle contraction that states tat when a motor unit is activated, all of the muscle fibers will maximally contract

24
Q

type 1 and 2 muscle fibers

A

type one slow twitch and type 2 fast twitch

25
metabolic syndrome
cluster of factors associated with coronary heart disease and diabetes
26
one repetition maximum(1 RM)
amount of resistance that can be moved through the range of motion one time before the muscle is temporarily fatigued
27
general adaptation syndrome
3 stage process that describes body's response to stress; alarm, adaptation, and exhaustion
28
ATP
high energy phosphate molecule required to provide energy for cellular function
29
lactate
chemical derivative of lactic acid formed when sugars broken down for energy wi/o presence of oxygen
30
pulmonary ventilation
total volume of gas inspired or expired per minute
31
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
32
enzymes
protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction
33
alveoli
spherical extensions of the respiratory bronchioles and the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood
34
hemoglobin
protein molecule in red blood cells specifically adapted to carry oxygen molecules
35
emphysema
pulmonary disease that destroys lung alveoli and surrounding tissue. leads to reduce ability to inhale and exhale
36
ejection fraction
percentage of total volume of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during the systolic contraction of the heart
37
ischemia
decrease in blood supply to a bodily organ,tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
38
myocardial infarction
episode in which some of the heart's blood supply is severely cut off or restricted. known as heart attack
39
vasoconstriction vs vasodilation
constriction: narrowing of blood vessels caused by contraction of the smooth muscle lining the vessels. dilation: increase in diameter of blood vessels, especially dilation of arteioles leading to increase blood flow to a part of the body
40
vasopressin
released by the posterior pituitary gland during exercise; reduces urinary excretion of water and prevents dehydration
41
Adrenocorticotropin hormone
released by pituitary gland. pg 271 on body functions
42
insulin
released from pancreas and allows cells to take up glucose
43
glycogen
chief carbohydrate storage material; formed by liver and stored in the liver and muscle
44
glucagon
released from the alpha cells of the pancreas which glucose levels low. stimulates glucose release to increase blood glucose. releases free fatty acids from adipose tissue to be used as fuel
45
aldosterone
one of two main hormones released by the adrenal cortex; plays role in limiting sodium excretion in the urine
46
glucocorticoid
adrenocortical steroid hormone that increases glucogenesis, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, and influences many bodily functions
47
female athlete triad
condition consisting of a combination of disordered eating, menstrual irregularities, and decreased bone mass in athletic women
48
islets of langerhans
irregular clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon
49
beta cells
endocrine cells in the islets of the langerhans of the pancras responsible for synthesizing and secreting the hormone insulin, which lowers the glucose levels in the blood
50
alpha cells
endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for synthesizing and secreting the hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.
51
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation

Lesson 3 and 4 (1 decks)

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