Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of herbivore teeth

A
  • thin ridged or leaf shaped teeth for shearing

- and flat teeth for grinding

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2
Q

What is the shape of carnivore teeth

A

-they have sharp pointed teeth for shearing and sharp hooked claws for holding on to struggling prey

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3
Q

Do carnivores have serrations

A
  • serrations are small sharp bumps on a tooth

- >arranged in a line that runs from the tip to the base of the tooth

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a frugivore

A
  • they primarily eat fruit
  • > eg; parrot
  • > its beak is sharp and hooked
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of piscivores

A
  • they are specialized carnivores
  • > they primarily eat fish
  • they have tall, sharp conical teeth that are sharp at the tip
  • > with no serrations
  • > this is to make sure that they are good at spearing and holding on to fish
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of insectivores

A
  • they are specialized carnivores that eat insects
  • > eg; shrews and hedgehogss
  • some have sharp piercing teeth for puncturing the chitinous exoskeletons of insects
  • > others have reduced teeth, as they just need to swallow the soft bodies of insects without chewing
  • they also have short limbs and large spade claws
  • > this is to help in the digging up for insects
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of omnivores

A
  • they are animals that eat both meat and plants
  • > eg; humans, bears, pigs, rats
  • they have unspecialized beeks and teeth
  • > or a variety of teeth with different shapes
  • for humans
  • > we have pointed canines, which indicates a characteristic of a carnivore
  • > we also have rounded molars, which have a characteristic of a herbivore
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8
Q

What is the process of resorption in relation to dinosaur teeth

A
  • it is the chemical process by which a dinosaur breaks down its on teeth and bones
  • > so the mineral and nutrients that compose them can be reused
  • loose teeth would be shed while an animal is feeding
  • > shed dinosaur tooth are worn and lack roots when found as fossils
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9
Q

What are dental batteries in reference to herbivorous dinosaurs

A
  • they are arrangements of densely packed teeth that collectively form a single, large chewing surface
  • the individual teeth that make up the dental batteries are small
  • > they are used for chewing and grinding out frequently so they are worn out quickly

-therefore, dinosaurs with dental batteries would need to replace their teeth frequently

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10
Q

Which two groups of dinosaurs evolved dental batteries

A

-hadrosaurs and ceratopsians evolved dental batteries

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11
Q

Is the chewing surface of a dental battery simple, uniform or smooth

A
  • no it is not simple, uniform or smooth

- >it is intricate, varied and abrasive

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12
Q

Are the dental batteries of hadrosaurs and ceratopsians

A
  • no
  • > they don not share a common ancestor
  • the way that they use their dental batteries are different as well
  • > in hadrosaurs, the chewing surfaces formed by the batteries are pointed downwards
  • > ceratopsians dental batteries are almost vertical
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13
Q

How were ankylosaurs/sauropods different from hadrosaurs/ceratopsians

A
  • ankylosaurs/sauropods
  • > they had simple teeth that could be used to nip off vegetation
  • > but could only break down the food a little
  • but they had extraordinary guts to make up for their shitty chewing ability
  • > it may have taken them long to chew food but they still got the energy they need
  • > due to the extensive series of digestive vats and the amount of food that these vats were able to hold
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14
Q

What kind of herbivores are oviraptorosaurs and ornithomimims

A
  • they are herbivorous theropods
  • > they lack teeth
  • > they have small masses of little stones inside their ribcages
  • > these stones are called gatroliths
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15
Q

What are gastroliths? What is their purpose

A
  • they are stones that are part of the dinosaurs gastric mills
  • > stone-filled digesting organ located near the stomach
  • > it helps toothless animals chew their food
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16
Q

Describe the process that occurs in gastroliths

A
  • eaten plants are first sent into the gastric mill
  • > where muscular contractions grind the rocks against the plants
  • > chewed up bits of plants then continue to the stomach and are ready to be enveloped by bacteria and digestive enzymes
17
Q

Describe the characteristics of dromaeosaurs

A
  • they are a group of theropod dinosaurs
  • > carnivours
  • > special rod-like projections of their caudal vertebrae and chevrons
  • > they have serrated blade like teeth and large sickle-shaped claws on each hind foot
  • > retractable claws on the foot to prevent them from scratching the ground as they walk
  • > the retractable claws could be used to climb as well

-eg; velociraptor

18
Q

Describe the characteristics of spinosaurs

A
  • they are a group of theropods that strongly resemble crcodiles
  • > thought to be piscivores
19
Q

Describe the characteristics of alvarezsaurs

A
  • small groups of theropods with short front limbs and compact hands
  • > they have reduced teeth and short/strong front limbs
  • > were likely to be insectivores
20
Q

Describe the characteristics of tyrannosaurs

A
  • group of theropods that evolved late in history

- they have serrated teeth edges and are well adapted to cutting and puncturing flesh

21
Q

What is the meaning of durophagy

A

-it allows a carnivore to access nutrients within the bones of a carcass that has already been picked at by other carnivores

22
Q

What is meant by the term cololites

A

-it is referring to fossil gut contents

23
Q

What are coprolites

A
  • they are fossil poop
  • > gives info to what a dinosaur ate and how it was digested

-eg; T-rex poop ocntains large quantities of bones, which means they are durophagous and that the bone completely passed through their digestive tracts