Lesson 3-4 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What does the nucleus contain

Answer 1

DNA and DNA contains information for building proteins
Also contains nucleolus and chromatin which are genetic information

Question 2

What is the nucleus surrounded by

Answer 2

It is surronded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope

Question 3

Nuclear membrane made of an inner and outer membrane (lipid layers) which separate the nucleus form the rest of the cell, suggest why.

Answer 3

DNA and proteins in the nucleus are very fragile. The cytoplasm of the cell is a harsh environment with many enzymes and molecules carry out various functions

Question 4

What are nuclear pores and what do they do

Answer 4

They are holes in the nuclear envelope and they allow things to exit and enter such as MRNA and ribosomes

Question 5

What is the necleolus packed with

Answer 5

It is densely packed with DNA and proteins

Question 6

Function of the nucleolus

Answer 6

Involved in making ribosomes(protein synthesis)

Question 7

What is the nucleoplasm

Answer 7

The nucleus’ version of the cytoplasm

Question 8

How can we distinguish between a rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

We can distinguish the difference between the two under an electron microscope by the presence or absence of ribosomes

Question 9

Characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (4)

Answer 9

• Found in plant and animal cells
• Surface is covered in ribosomes
• Formed from continuous folds of membrane continuous with nuclear envelope
• PROCESSES poteins made by the ribosomes

Question 10

Characteristics of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (3)

Answer 10

• Involved in production, processing and storage or lipids carbohydrates and steroids
• Found in animal and plant cells
• Does not have ribosomes on surface, its function is distinct to the RER

Question 11

Function of ribosomes

Answer 11

Translates genetic material into protein

Question 12

Where are ribosomes found

Answer 12

In the endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 13

What are ribosomes made out of

Answer 13

Made up of two sub units and are the smallest organelle in the cell

Question 14

Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Responsible for modifying or packaging proteins for export

Question 15

Where is the Golgi apparatus usually found

Answer 15

Near ribosomes or near RER

Question 16

What do lysosomes contain

Answer 16

Enzymes designed to destroy the cell

Question 17

At the end of the cell life what happens?

Answer 17

Lysosomes are released and they digest the contents of the cell and recycle them for later use

Question 18

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 18

Site for aerobic respiration and produce ATP

Question 19

Give an example of cells that require more mitochondria

Answer 19

Heart cells, muscle cells

They are more active cells meaning they need more ATP thus will have more mitochondria

Question 20

What do centrioles consist of

Answer 20

Consists of two bundles of tubules at right angles to each other

Question 21

What is the function of the centioles

Answer 21

Transporting proteins round the cell

Question 22

Centrioles are involved in the formation of?

Answer 22

Cilia and undulipodia

Question 23

Compare the structures and function of undulipodia and cilia

Answer 23

These are both hair like structures extending from cells formed from microtubles

Cilia: usually shorter and more numerous and are used for movement or sensing envroment

Undulipodia: usually longer and fewer in number, like the tail of a sperm cell, primarily for movement(locomotion)

Structure; both have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubles(nine pairs of microtubules around the edge and two single ones in center)

Question 24

What does mitochondria produce

Answer 24

Produces ATP during aerobic respiration

Question 25

The folds in mitochondria are called

Answer 25

Cristae

Question 26

Mitochondria is a double membrained organelle (T or F)

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 27

A network of protein structures within the cytoplasm and consists of microfilaments, intermediated filaments and cylindrical microtubules

Question 28

Function of a chloroplast

Answer 28

Absord light energy and convert into chemical energy through photosynthesis. It all depends on the green chlorophyll molecules which are inside each chloroplast cell.