Lesson 3 Flashcards
There are five CASES in Greek: nominative...? genitive dative accusative vocative
The nominative is used as the subject of the sentence and also as the object of sentences with the verb ‘to be’.
There are five CASES in Greek: nominative genitive...? dative accusative vocative
The genitive expresses the relationships between nouns and can usually be translated along with the English word ‘of’ or ‘from’.
There are five CASES in Greek: nominative genitive dative...? accusative vocative
The dative is is used for three purposes:
- as the indirect object of a verb
- how or with what something is done.
- relationships of place where and time when
These relationships can be expressed by the English prepositions to or for, with or by, and in or at.
There are five CASES in Greek: nominative genitive dative accusative...? vocative
The accusative is the direct object of a transitive verb
There are five CASES in Greek: nominative genitive dative accusative vocative...?
The vocative is for exclamations and emphatic address.
Numbers
There are three NUMBERS, the singular, the dual (which denotes two objects), and the plural.
Genders
There are three GENDERS, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter.
As in Latin, names of males and of rivers, winds and months are masculine; names of females and of countries, towns, trees, and islands, and most nouns denoting qualities or conditions are feminine.
Declensions
There are three DECLENSIONS, the First or A-Declension, the Second or O-Declension, and the Third or Consonant Declension. The first two together are sometimes called the Vowel Declension, as opposed to the Third.
The place of accent in the nominative singular of a noun or adjective must generally be learned by observation. The other forms accent the same syllable as the nominative, if the last syllable permits (21); otherwise the following syllable.
In the genitive and dative of all numbers a long ultima, if accented, takes the circumflex.
Nouns of the A-Declension end in ᾱ, η, or α (feminine), or in ᾱς or ης (masculine).
Feminines generally end in ᾱ, if ε, ι, or ρ precedes the ending.
χώρᾶ (Country)
Nominative Singular
χώρᾱ
country
χώρᾶ (Country)
Genitive Singular
χώρᾱς
of country
χώρᾶ (Country)
Dative Singular
χώρᾳ to or for country
χώρᾶ (Country)
Accusative Singular
χώρᾱν country
χώρᾶ (Country)
Vocative Singular
χώρᾱ O country
χώρᾶ (Country)
Dual Nominative, Accusative, & Vocative
χώρᾱ country
