Lesson 3 Flashcards
Federalism
A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional government
Unitary system
A centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government
Intergovernmental relations
The processes by which the three levels of American government (national, state, local) negotiate and compromise over policy responsibilities
Expressed powers
specific powers granted by the constitution to congress
implied powers
powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of article I of constitution. Such powers are not specifically expressed but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers.
Necessary and proper clause
Which provides congress with the authority to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its expressed powers.
reserved powers
powers, derived from the 10th amendment to the constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states
Concurrent powers
Authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes
Police power
power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and moral of its citizens
Full faith and credit clause
provision from article IV, of constitution requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state
privileges and immunities clause
Provision from article IV section 2 of constitution requiring. A state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges
Home rule
power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs
Dual federalism
the system of government that prevailed in the Us from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments
Commerce clause
Which delegates to congress the power of to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states and with the Indian tribes” the clause was interpreted by the supreme court in favor of national power over the economy
grants in aid
Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposed defined by the federal government
Categorical grants
Congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law
cooperative federalism
a type of federalism existing since the new deal era in which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals; also knows as intergovernmental cooperation
Regulated federalism
a form of federalism in which congress imposes legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards
preemption
the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack.
States rights
the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government, this principle was most popular in the period before the civil war
Devolution
A policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government such as from the national government to the state and local governments
Block grants
federal grants in aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent
New federalism
attempts by presidents nixon and reagan to return power to the states through block grants
General revenue sharing
the process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula; revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state governments
