LESSON 3

Question 1

Message sources are people, or electronic devices, that need to send a message to other individuals or devices.

Answer 1

Message source (sender)

Question 2

The destination receives the message and interprets it.

Answer 2

Message Destination (receiver)

Question 2

This consists of the media that provides the pathway over which the message travels from source to destination.

Answer 2

Channel

Question 2

Common computer protocols include the following requirements:

Answer 2

Message encoding
Message formatting and encapsulation
Message size
Message timing
Message delivery options

Question 2

Protocols must account for the following requirements to successfully deliver a message that is understood by the receiver:

Answer 2

An identified sender and receiver
Common language and grammar
Speed and timing of delivery
Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

Question 3

is the process of converting information into another acceptable form, for transmission.

One of the first steps to sending a message

Answer 3

Encoding

Question 4

reverses this process to interpret the information.

Answer 4

Decoding

Question 5

depend on the type of message and the channel that is used to deliver the message.

Answer 5

Message formats

Question 5

Another rule of communication is

Answer 5

Message Size

Question 6

This is the process of managing the rate of data transmission. _______ defines how much information can be sent and the speed at which it can be delivered.

Answer 6

Flow Control

Question 7

For example, if one person speaks too quickly, it may be difficult for the receiver to hear and understand the message. In network communication, there are network protocols used by the source and destination devices to negotiate and manage the flow of information.

Answer 7

Flow Control

Question 8

If a person asks a question and does not hear a response within an acceptable amount of time, the person assumes that no answer is coming and reacts accordingly. The person may repeat the question or instead, may go on with the conversation. Hosts on the network use network protocols that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

Answer 8

Response Method

Question 9

This determines when someone can send a message. Click Play in the figure to see an animation of two people talking at the same time, then a “collision of information” occurs, and it is necessary for the two to back off and start again. Likewise, when a device wants to transmit on a wireless LAN, it is necessary for the WLAN network interface card (NIC) to determine whether the wireless medium is available.

Answer 9

Access method

Question 10

has similar delivery options to communicate

Answer 10

Network communications

Question 11

Information is being transmitted to a single end device.

Answer 11

Unicast

Question 12

Information is being transmitted to a one or more end devices

Answer 12

Multicast

Question 13

Information is being transmitted to all end devices.

Answer 13

Broadcast

Question 14

are typically represented as a circle

Answer 14

Nodes

Question 15

What is the process of converting information into the proper form for transmission?

Answer 15

Encoding

Question 16

Which step of the communication process is concerned with properly identifying the address of the sender and receiver?

Answer 16

Encapsulation

Question 17

Which three are components of message timing?

Answer 17

Flow control
Access method
Response timeout

Question 18

Which delivery method is used to transmit information to one or more end devices, but not all devices on the network?

Answer 18

Multicast

Question 19

define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices

Answer 19

Network protocols

Question 20

are implemented by end devices and intermediary devices in software, hardware, or both.

Answer 20

Protocols

Question 21

Protocols enable two or more devices to communicate over one or more networks. The Ethernet family of technologies involves a variety of protocols such as IP, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and many more.

Answer 21

Network Communications Protocols

Question 22

rotocols secure data to provide authentication, data integrity, and data encryption. Examples of secure protocols include Secure Shell (SSH), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Answer 22

Network Security Protocols

Question 23

Protocols enable routers to exchange route information, compare path information, and then to select the best path to the destination network. Examples of routing protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

Answer 23

Routing Protocols

Question 24

Protocols are used for the automatic detection of devices or services. Examples of service discovery protocols include Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which discovers services for IP address allocation, and Domain Name System (DNS) which is used to perform name-to-IP address translation.

Answer 24

Service Discovery Protocols

Question 25

are responsible for a variety of functions necessary for network communications between end devices.

Answer 25

Network communication protocols

Question 26

This identifies the sender and the intended receiver of the message using a defined addressing scheme. Examples of protocols that provide addressing include Ethernet, IPv4, and IPv6.

Answer 26

Addressing

Question 27

This function provides guaranteed delivery mechanisms in case messages are lost or corrupted in transit. TCP provides guaranteed delivery.

Answer 27

Reliability

Question 28

This function ensures that data flows at an efficient rate between two communicating devices. TCP provides flow control services.

Answer 28

Flow control

Question 29

This function uniquely labels each transmitted segment of data. The receiving device uses the sequencing information to reassemble the information correctly. This is useful if the data segments are lost, delayed or received out-of-order. TCP provides sequencing services.

Answer 29

Sequencing

Question 30

This function is used to determine if data became corrupted during transmission. Various protocols that provide error detection include Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, and TCP.

Answer 30

Error Detection

Question 31

This function contains information used for process-to- process communications between network applications. For example, when accessing a web page, HTTP or HTTPS protocols are used to communicate between the client and server web processes.

Answer 31

Application Interface

Question 32

- his protocol governs the way a web server and a web client interact. - defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between the client and server. Both the client and the web server software implement as part of the application. - relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client and server.

Answer 32

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Question 33

- this protocol manages the individual conversations. - is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of the information and managing flow control between the end devices.

Answer 33

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 34

- This protocol is responsible for delivering messages from the sender to the receiver. - is used by routers to forward the messages across multiple networks.

Answer 34

Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 35

his protocol is responsible for the delivery of messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same Ethernet local area network (LAN).

Answer 35

Ethernet

Question 36

BGP and OSPF are examples of which type of protocol?

Answer 36

Routing

Question 37

Which two protocols are service discovery protocols? (Choose two.)

Answer 37

DNS (Domain Name System) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Question 38

This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of information.

Answer 38

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Question 39

is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services.

Answer 39

protocol suite

Question 40

- This is the most common and relevant protocol suite used today. - The protocol suite is an open standard protocol suite maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

Answer 40

Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP

Question 41

This is a family of protocols developed jointly in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). - protocol also included a seven-layer model called the OSI reference model. - OSI reference model categorizes the functions of its protocols. - mainly known for its layered model.

Answer 41

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols

Question 42

A short-lived proprietary protocol suite released by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple devices. In 1995, Apple adopted TCP/IP to replace AppleTalk.

Answer 42

AppleTalk

Question 43

A short-lived proprietary protocol suite and network operating system developed by Novell Inc. in 1983 using the IPX network protocol. In 1995, Novell adopted TCP/IP to replace IPX.

Answer 43

Novell NetWare

Question 44

available for the application, transport, and internet layers.

Answer 44

TCP/IP protocols

Question 45

is the protocol suite used by the internet and the networks of today.

Answer 45

TCP/IP

Question 45

The most common network access layer LAN protocols

Answer 45

Ethernet and WLAN (wireless LAN) protocols

Question 46

are responsible for delivering the IP packet over the physical medium.

Answer 46

Network access layer

Question 47

Internet Message Access Protocol. Enables clients to access email stored on a mail server as well as maintaining email on the server.

Answer 47

IMAP

Question 48

CP/IP has two important aspects for vendors and manufacturers:

Answer 48

Open standard protocol suite - This means it is freely available to the public and can be used by any vendor on their hardware or in their software. Standards-based protocol suite - This means it has been endorsed by the networking industry and approved by a standards organization. This ensures that products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully.

Question 49

Sets the rules that enable a user on one host to access and transfer files to and from another host over a network. FTP is a reliable, connection-oriented, and acknowledged file delivery protocol.

Answer 49

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

Question 50

As an extension to Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, SFTP can be used to establish a secure file transfer session in which the file transfer is encrypted. SSH is a method for secure remote login that is typically used for accessing the command line of a device.

Answer 50

SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol.

Question 51

A simple, connectionless file transfer protocol with best-effort, unacknowledged file delivery. It uses less overhead than FTP.

Answer 51

TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol.

Question 52

A set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the World Wide Web

Answer 52

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

Question 53

A secure form of HTTP that encrypts the data that is exchanged over the World Wide Web.

Answer 53

HTTPS - HTTP Secure

Question 54

A web service that uses application programming interfaces (APIs) and HTTP requests to create web applications.

Answer 54

REST - Representational State Transfer

Question 55

UDP and TCP belong to which layer of the TCP/IP protocol?

Answer 55

Transport

Question 56

Which two protocols belong in the TCP/IP model application layer?

Answer 56

DNS (Domain Name System) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)