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ETHICS PRELIMS > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

1
Q

refer to explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a specific activity or sphere.

tell us what is or is not allowed in a particular context or situation.

A

Rules

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2
Q

What are the benefits of rules to social beings?

A

Benefits of Rules to Social Beings:
- They protect social beings by regulating behavior.
- They help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom.
- They produce a sense of justice among social beings.
- They are essential for a healthy economic system.

Source: Adapted from the provided text.

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3
Q

may refer to the standards that a person or a group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil.

A

Morality

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4
Q
  • They are those concerned with or relating to human behavior.
  • They believe that these rules are actions that are morally right and wrong.
A

Moral
Standards

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5
Q

Characteristics of Moral Standards

A
  1. They involve serious wrongs or benefits
  2. Ought to be preferred to other values.
  3. Not established by authority figures.
  4. Has traits of universalizability.
  5. Based on impartial considerations
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6
Q

They are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.

A

Non-moral standards

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7
Q

•It refers to a situation in which a tough choice has to be made between two or more options especially more or less equally undesirable ones.

A

Dilemma

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8
Q

•It refers to a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.

A

Moral
Dilemma

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9
Q

Three Levels of Moral Dilemmas

A

Personal Dilemmas
Organizational Dilemmas
Structural Dilemma

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10
Q

It refers to every action a person has, does and learns as a member of a society.
-It is also a powerful agent in shaping man’s decisions and actions

A

Culture

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11
Q

Includes all the tangible and visible parts of culture.

A

Material Culture

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12
Q

Includes all the intangible and invisible parts of culture.

A

Nonmaterial Culture

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13
Q

Characteristics of Culture

A

-Culture is everything
-Culture is learned
• Enculturation
• Acculturation
• Deculturation
-Culture affects biology
-Culture is adaptive
-Culture is maladaptive
-Culture changes

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14
Q

All cultures undergo the same development stages in the same order e.g. savagery, barbarism and civilization

A

Cultural Evolutionism

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15
Q

Societies change because of cultural borrowing to another

A

Diffusionism

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16
Q

Culture is unique and must be studied in its own context

A

Historicism

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17
Q

Personality is largely seen to be the result of learning culture

A

Pyschological Anthropology

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18
Q

Society is compared to a biological organism with all parts interconnected to one another

A

Functionalism

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19
Q

Culture is said to be shaped by environment and technological conditions

A

Neo- Evolutionism

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20
Q

Culture is the product of the “material conditions” in which a given community of people finds itself

A

Materialism

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21
Q

Branches Of Anthropology

A

Archeology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Physical Anthropology
Applied Anthropology

22
Q

“scientific study of society, patterns of social interaction, and culture”

A

Calhoune, 2002

23
Q

“scientific inquiry that covers human
social activities”

A

Auguste Comte, 1830

24
Q

“ability of sociologist to understand society systematically”

A

“Sociological Imagination”
С. Wright Mills, 1959

25
Q

product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules of their culture

A

Society

26
Q

Society as a social organism possessing a harmony of structure and function

A

Auguste Comte

27
Q

Society as a reality in its own right. Collective consciousness is of key importance to society, which society cannot survive without it

A

Emile Durkheim

28
Q

Society is a total complex of human relationships in so far as they grow out of the action in terms of means-end relationship

A

Talcott Parsons

29
Q

Society is an exchange of gestures that involves the use of symbols

A

George Herbert Mead

30
Q

Society as a collection of individuals united by certain relations of mode of behavior that marks individual off from others who do not enter into these relations or who differ from them in behavior

A

Morris Ginsberg

31
Q

Society as the complex of organized associations and institutions with a community

A

George Douglas Cole

32
Q

Society as a system of usages and procedures of authority and mutual aid of many groupings and divisions, of controls of human behavior and liberties

A

Robert Maciver and Charles Page

33
Q

This is a compilation of ways and means by which humans interact with each other within the confines of society.

A

Social Interaction

34
Q

It refers to the interrelationship parts of society.

A

Social Organization

35
Q

Elements of Social Organization

A
  1. Roles
  2. Group (Primary and Secondary)
  3. Institution
36
Q

set of accepted behaviors that define the individual’s responses and inclinations

A

Roles

37
Q

basic unit of an organization that involves at least two individuals who are in constant interaction based on their statuses and roles

A

Group

38
Q

with informal relation

A

Primary Group

39
Q

with informal relation

A

Secondary group

40
Q

with formal relation

A

Secondary Group

41
Q

established when roles, statuses and groups are perpetuated within the context of a society.

A

Institutions

42
Q

It is the determining factor by which every other part of a society gains its context.

A

Social Structure and Agency

43
Q

Is a key importance to society

A

Collective Consciousness

44
Q

“a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and consider itself as itself at different times and places

A

JOHN LOCKE

45
Q

“autonomous, self-regulating, capable of making moral decisions by and for himself- dignity and worth”

A

IMMANUEL KANT-

46
Q

“autonomous, self-regulating, capable of making moral decisions by and for himself- dignity and worth”

A

IMMANUEL KANT-

47
Q

“live and die for the sake of his values and ideals”

A

VIKTOR FRANKL

48
Q

“live and die for the sake of his values and ideals”

A

VIKTOR FRANKL

49
Q

“conscience, to know what is to be done, to know thyself”

A

•ERICH FROMM

50
Q

“humans discover the moral law because of his conscience”

A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

51
Q

A branch of philosophy concerned with ways of thinking philosophically about morality, and moral judgment.

A

•Ethics

52
Q

“Human conduct and character referring to “those acts which it makes sense to describe as right or wrong, good or bad.”

A

•Morality

ETHICS PRELIMS (2 decks)

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