LESSON 3 Flashcards
is that principle that whatever serves the most number of members in a community is
considered good
common good
is the principle that there is
a standard that people must cooperatively strive for
to maximize the harmony in the community.
greatest good
THE TWO TYPES
OF MORAL
THEORY
CONSEQUENTIALIST, NON -CONSEQUENTIALIST
THEORY
is any net benefits produced by an action
Utilitarianism
single principle has to reflect on three things
what is good, whose well being it is intended and the actual
consequences.
means the only thing that
is good in itself is pleasure or happiness.
Hedonism
Utilitarian logic can be used both for
moral reasoning and rational decision-making
Whose well being
. Whose well being
INDIVIDUAL SELF-INTEREST, GROUPS, Everyone affected-
is an approach that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves.
Deontology
HE concluded that to be truly good the act
must be chosen and done out of a feeling of moral duty
Immanuel Kant
Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works:
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals” (1785),
“Critique of Practical Reason’
(788) and “Metaphysics of Morals” (1797), and he
formulated it in three different ways.
Other Types of Deontology
Divine command theory
Human rights theory
contractarian ethics
pluralistic deontology
This is a form of deontological theory which means an action is right if God has declared that it is right, and that that an act is obligatory if and only if it is commanded by God.
divine command theory
This theory holds that humans
have absolute natural rights.
natural rights theory
refers to both the theory in political philosophy on the legitimacy of
political authority, and the ethical theory concerning the origin, or legitimate content, of moral norms.
contractarian ethics
It is a description of the
deontological ethics 1 advocated by W.D. Ross.
pluralistic deontology
seven prime duties
duty of beneficence, nonmalificence, justice, self improvement, reparation, gratitude, fidelity
to help other people to improve their
conditions like increase their pleasure, improve their character, and so
on
duty of beneficence
to avoid harming other people
duty of nonmaleficence
to ensure people get what they deserve
duty of justice
to improve oneself
duty of self improvement
to recompense someone if one has acted wrongly
towards them
duty of reparation
- to return favors that others have done
duty of gratitude
to keep promises both explicit and implicit
promises, including the implicit promise to tell the truth
duty of fidelity
Plato discussed four key virtues which are
wisdom, courage, temperance and justice
is an approach that deemphasizes rules,
consequences, and particular acts and sets the focus on the
kind of person who is acting
virtue ethics
based ethical theory puts minimal importance on which rules people should follow.
virtue
is centered on the interdependence of all
individuals.
ethic of care
Externally, a code serves beveral important purposes:
Compliance, marketing, risk mitigation
A code serves as a public statement of what the company promised to stand for and its commitment to high
standards
marketing
Organizations with codes of ethics can trim
down the financial risks connected with government fines for
ethical wrongdoing by signifying they have made a “good faith
effort” to unlawful act
risk mitigation
Legislation mandates individuals serving on
boards and organizational leaders of public offices to implement codes or clearly explain why they have not
compliance
The most common sections to include in a code of right conduct are:
ethical principles, values, accountability, Standard of conduct-, Standard of practice, Disciplinary actions
complaints handling and specific
penalties for any violations of the code.
Disciplinary actions
current policies and procedures
and business operational manual
Standard of practice
-complying with the job
description commitmen o the organisation and proper
computer, internet and email usage
Standard of conduct
workplace behavior and respect for all people
ethical principle
an honest, unbiased and unprejudiced work environment
values
taking responsibility for own actions, ensuring
appropriate use of information, exercising diligence and duty of care
obligations and avoiding conflicts of interest.
accountability
