Lesson 29 Flashcards
They + conjugation, overview of cases with grammatical names
They
они
They were at Disneyland.
Они были в Диснейленде.
They wanted pizza.
Они хотели пиццу.
They bought a car.
Они купили машину.
They said hi.
Они сказали Привет.
They gave me a present.
Они дали мне подарок.
They’ll have pizza.
Они будут пиццу.
They live in Oakland.
Они живут в Окленде.
They don’t know.
Они не знают.
I work in an office.
They work in an office
Я работаю в офисе.
Они работают в офисе.
Verb conjugation review with “to know”
I know
You know
You (formal)
He/she knows
We know
They know
Я знаю.
Ты знаешь
Вы знаете
Он/она знает
Мы знаем
Они знают.
Nominative case:
Whoever or whatever is doing the action in the sentence is considered to be in the nominative case.
Example 1 - John wants beer.
Джон хочет пиво.
Example 2 - Pizza is pleasing to me.
Мне нравится пицца.
Which part is in nominative case?
1- John - Джон - is doing the action, so his name is in the nominative form.
2- Pizza - пицца - is doing the action (pleasing me), so it is in the nominative form.
Accusative case:
When you do something to someone or to something, that thing goes into the accusative case. Therefore, it is essentially the inverse of the nominative case.
Example - I want pizza.
Я хочу пиццу.
What is in nominative, and what is in accusative?
The word Я is the one doing the action, so it’s in the nominative form. And we’re doing something to the pizza, which is why it’s in its accusative form: пиццу
Dative case:
The recipient of something (such as a gift, telephone call etc) is in the dative case.
Example - I gave the present to John.
Я дал подарок Джону.
What is in dative form?
John is receiving the gift, so his name is in the dative form - Джону (rather than nomanitive Джон)
Я in this case is doing the action and is therefore in nominative.
Prepositional case:
Used to represent the idea of being in a particular location. The actual location word goes into the prepositional case.
Example - I live in New York
Я живу в Нью Йорке.
What is in the prepositional case?
New York - because that is the location word. Changes to Нью Йорке (rather than Нью Йорк in nominative).
Genitive case:
Certain words and prepositions force the genitive case. One of those words is У
Example - У меня есть кошка.
At me there is a cat.
What is in the genitive?
The cat is existing at me, therefore me is in the genitive. меня is the genitive form of Я, and it was forced into the genitive by the У .
Instrumental case:
Think of this as the “with” case. When you say you want something with something else, the secondary / addition noun is in the instrumental.
Example 1 - I was coffee with milk.
Я хочу кофе с молоком.
Example 2 - They were talking with Robert.
Они говорили с Робертом.
What is in the instrumental?
Example 1 - milk is in the intrumental, therefore changing to молоком from молоко
Example 2 - Robert is in the instrumental, therefore changing to Робертом from Роберт.
Honey
мёд
Jam
джем
I will have pancakes with jam.
They will have pancakes with honey.
Я буду блины с джемом.
Они будут блины с мёдом.
Note: some verbs conjugated in они form don’t follow standard rule of adding т to the Я form.
E.g. I speak….they speak.
Я говорю…они говорят
Do they speak English?
Они говорят по-английски?
