Lesson 2.1 What Is Diabetes

Question 1

A test of the body’s ability to metabolize glucose that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter and that is used especially to detect diabetes.

Answer 1

Glucose tolerance test

Question 2

The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions.

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

A product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a specific, often stimulatory, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone.

Answer 3

Hormone

Question 4

A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

Answer 4

Insulin

Question 5

A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.

Answer 5

Negative Feedback

Question 6

Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.

Answer 6

Positive feedback

Question 7

Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Answer 7

Type 1 diabetes

Question 8

Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body’s inability to compensate with increased insulin production.

Answer 8

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 9

A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin

Answer 9

Glucagon