Lesson 2.1

Question 1

general conditions of the Philippines in the 19th century as Rizal’s context
For the Economic Aspect:

Answer 1

End of the Galleon Trade
Opening of Suez Canal
Opening the Ports to World Trade
Rize of Export Crop Economy

Question 2

general conditions of the Philippines in the 19th century as Rizal’s context
For the Social Aspect:

Answer 2

Feudalistic and master slave relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos
Social structure is ranked into three groups
Education – opening of the universities and colleges to the middle-class Filipinos
Rise of the Chinese mestizos
Rise of the inquilino -
Rise of the middle class

Question 3

a worker on a landed estate who is usually given the use of a small plot of land, implements, seed, and a small wage in return for his labor.

Answer 3

Inquilino

Question 4

Political Aspects

Answer 4

Liberalism
Cadiz Institution

Question 5

The conditions of the Philippines during the tyrannical Spanish regime.

Answer 5

1. Instability of Colonial Administration
2. Corrupt Colonial Official
3. No Philippine Representation to
   Spanic Cortes
4. No Equaliry Before Law
5. Racial Discrimination
6. Frailocracy
7. Maladministration of Justice
8. Human Rights Denied to Filipinos
9. Forced Labor
10. Haciendas Owned by the Friars
11. Guardia Civil
12. Discrimination of Filipino Priests
    Other Conditions

Question 6

The chain of events affected the situation of Spain–the instability of Spanish politics since the
turbulent reign of King Ferdinand VII started the political unrest in Spain. The government experienced
changes due to resentful struggles between the forces of despotism and liberalism. The political turmoil that
Spain experienced greatly affect the colonized countries like the Philippines for it brought periodic shifts in
policies and frequent changes of officials that hindered political and overall development in the Philippines.

Answer 6

Instability of Colonial Administration

Question 7

The government experienced
changes due to resentful struggles between the forces of

Answer 7

despotism and liberalism.

Question 8

Some accept bribe to favor someone. Not only that, injustices
reigned the country and there was mockery of the justice system. They came here intending to enrich
themselves and dreaming to build mansions when they go back to Spain and sad to note, many of them were
not able to go back to where they belong but there were also some who returned to Spain millionaire.

Answer 8

Corrupt Colonial Officials

Question 9

win the
support of the overseas colonies during the Napoleonic invasion. The first Philippine representation was
Valentine Ventura who took active part to represent issues and different concerns to the Cortez and helped
in framing Spain’s first democratic constitution. Unfortunately, the representation was abolished in 1837 which resulted into growing abuse of power because Filipinos could not expose the true situation of the Philippines

Answer 9

No Philippine Representation to the Spanish Cortes

Question 10

There is that Christian doctrine that we are all equal in the eyes of God. That is many Filipinos before
wanted to be become Christians. But the Spaniards regarded the brown race as inferior beings, thus denying
them the equality of rights. One thing also justice not served is justice denied.The idea that the law should
be applied equally regardless of race, religion, status etc. did not apply before.

Answer 10

4. No Equality Before the Law

Question 11

They even called the Filipinos as “Indios” with flat noses and brown skin. This racial
prejudice is prevalent everywhere—in the government including the courts of justice, educational institutions,
social circles and even in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

Answer 11

Racial Discrimination

Question 12

union of the Church and the State

Answer 12

Frailocracy

Question 13

different Orders of the Church controlled the religious and educational aspects of the people. They gained power, prestige and much influence in the
Spanish government from the national to the local levels. Not only that but also friars became arbiters of
morals, censors of books,stage plays and other forms of literature, supervisors of local officials and guardians
of peace and order

Answer 13

(Augustinians, Franciscans and Dominicans)

Question 14

signaled a warning to future civil administrators.

Answer 14

Fernando Bustamante

Question 15

The Spanish judges, fiscals (prosecuting attorneys), and other court officials were incompetent,
corrupt and ignorant of the law. Impartiality was absent, there was full of biases and the administration of
justice was very slow. There was inequality before the law. Riches, race, and status are the determining
factors for winning the case and not basing on evidence presented.

Answer 15

Maladministration of Justice

Question 16

Spanish Constitution of 1812, the Spanish people enjoyed the freedom of speech, of the press,
of association and other human rights. This continued until the succeeding years but unluckily, this provision
did not reach the Philippines shores and speaking against the Church and the State is a grave offense and
even punishable by death.

Answer 16

Human Rights Denied to the Filipinos

Question 17

Poloyservicio

Answer 17

Forced Labor

Question 18

Falla

Answer 18

Sum of money paid to the government

Question 19

The richest landlords owning large and best producing agricultural lands in the Philippines were the
friars coming from various religious orders. The farmers who had been around before the coming of the
Spaniards were reduced to become tenants of their own land.
Rizal, whose family and relatives became tenants in the Dominican estate of Calamba, tried to initiate
agrarian reforms, but his advocacy was considered a threat in which the friars retaliated by increasing the
rentals of the lands leased by his family and other Calamba tenants.

Answer 19

Haciendas owned by the Friars

Question 20

most hated Spanish symbols of tyranny in the Philippines

Answer 20

Guardia Civil

Question 21

This could be one condition existing during the 19th century which led to the movement known as the
secularization of parishes wherein Filipino priests clamor that they could also hold parishes because they are
as competent as the Spanish friars and one thing also, these friars should have been missionary priests not
secular priests

Answer 21

Discrimination of the Filipino Priests

Question 22

philosophers 19th centry

Answer 22

John Locke,
David Hume,
Rene Descartes, and
Jean-Jacques Rousseau that spread around the world like wildfire.