Lesson 20 Flashcards
جُزدَان، ج جَزَادِيْن
purse juzdān
أَسْوَد، ج سُوْد، المؤنث: سَوْدَا
black ’aswad
اْمتِحَان، ج اْمتِحَانَات
examination/s imtihān/imtihānāt
فَضِل (فَضْل)، ج أَفْضَاْل
kindness, favor fad(e)l
فشل
to fail fišel//yifšal
فَشَل
failure fašal
نَجَاح
success najāh (hau)
تَبَع
of, belonging to taba’
جَهْد، ج جُهُوْد
effort//s jah(e)d//juhûd
هْدِيِّة، ج هَدَاْيَا
gift/s; present/s hadiyye//hadāye
بِنِّي / بُنّي
brown bunni/binni
نجح
to succeed nijeh (hau)//najah
عَكس
opposite, contrary ’aks
مُشوَار، ج مَشَاوِيْر
excursion/s; walks; errand/s mušwār//mašawīr
لعب
to play li’eb//yil’ab
لُعبِة، ج لُعَب / أَلعَاب
game; doll
lu’be
Not game in the sense of playing, but a specific game such as tag or hopscotch, or a round of a particular game. We’ll revisit this distinction later.
جَامعَة، ج جَامِعَات
university jām’a//jami’āt
ضاع
to go missing, get lost dā’//idī’ (dau)
purse
جُزدَان، ج جَزَادِيْن juzdān
black
أَسْوَد، ج سُوْد، المؤنث: سَوْدَا ’aswad
examination/s
اْمتِحَان، ج اْمتِحَانَات imtihān/imtihānāt
kindness, favor
فَضِل (فَضْل)، ج أَفْضَاْل fad(e)l
to fail
فشل fišel//yifšal
failure
فَشَل fašal
success
نَجَاح najāh (hau)
of, belonging to
تَبَع taba’
effort//s
جَهْد، ج جُهُوْد jah(e)d//juhûd
gift/s; present/s
هْدِيِّة، ج هَدَاْيَا hadiyye//hadāye
brown
بِنِّي / بُنّي bunni/binni
to succeed
نجح nijeh (hau)//najah
opposite, contrary
عَكس ’aks
excursion/s; walks; errand/s
مُشوَار، ج مَشَاوِيْر mušwār//mašawīr
to play
لعب li’eb//yil’ab
game; doll
لُعبِة، ج لُعَب / أَلعَاب
lu’be
Not game in the sense of playing, but a specific game such as tag or hopscotch, or a round of a particular game. We’ll revisit this distinction later.
university
جَامعَة، ج جَامِعَات jām’a//jami’āt
to go missing, get lost
ضاع dā’//idī’ (dau)
100% (Certain)
Miyye fi-l-miyye
I owe you
الك عندي
‘ilak ‘indi
الك عندي
I owe you
‘ilak ‘indi
في
in / inside
fi
in / inside
في
fi
ب-
by means of / with
b-
by means of / with
ب-
b-
Pronunciation: He wrote to you
katAb-lak
Pronunciation: I wrote to you
katabt-Illak
In 1st person and 2nd person masculine, add the helping vowel i and to double the l- of -li / -lak / -lek / -lo
(L not doubled in rest of paradigm (ilha, ilna, ilkom, ilhom))
Pronunciation: Your Radio
ir-radyo taba’ak
Use taba’ instead of construct after foreign loan-words
Pronunciation: The King’s Beautiful House
il-bet il-hilu taba’ il-malek
Use taba’ instead of construct when noun is qualified by an adjective (b/c it adds clarity)
Pronunciation: He brought him
jab-lo
Usual form - no emphasis as with jab hada ‘ilo
Remember - when a long vowel is followed by -li, -lak, -lo… it is shortened:
jāb —> jab-li, biqūl —> biqul-li
Pronunciation: He brought this for him (emphasis - for him, not you or me or them)
jab hada ‘ilo
As compared with the usual jab-lo
Pronunciation: Whose book? - Mine
la-min katab? ‘ili
We can use ‘ili to say mine or ‘ilak to say yours
Pronunciation: I want to eat (have an appetite)
‘ili nafs
Can use ‘ili as an alternative to the word ‘ind in the sense of I’ve got, he’s got, etc., especially when speaking of abstract things (desire, willingness, inclination, etc.), or of family relationships
Pronunciation: I’m not hungry (I don’t have an appetite)
ma-li-š nafs
The corresponding negative form is ma-li-s
Can use ‘ili as an alternative to the word ‘ind in the sense of I’ve got, he’s got, etc., especially when speaking of abstract things (desire, willingness, inclination, etc.), or of family relationships
Pronunciation: You owe me fifty shekels (with ‘ind)
’ili 3indak chamsln šekel
Interesting usage of ‘ili, ‘ilak, etc.
Pronunciation: You owe me fifty shekels (with ‘al)
’ili 3alek chamsln šekel
Pronunciation: You still owe me fifty shekels (with biddi)
lissa biddi minnak chamsln šekel
Pronunciation: He wrote with a pen
katab bil-qalam
B- is used for by means of / with
Fi- is used for in / inside
Pronunciation: He wrote with it
katab fi(h)
B- is used for by means of / with
Fi- is used for in / inside
* Nonetheless, there is one case where you must always use fi- and not b-: when you add attached pronouns.
يوم عسل، يوم بصل
[One] day honey, [the next] day onion.
yōm ‘asal, yōm basal
Life is full of ups and downs
Don’t pronounce basal like ‘asal. Remember the s of basal is emphatic, and consequently the vowels surrounding it are “dark” and pronounced further back in the mouth.
Life is full of ups and downs (saying using food)
يوم عسل، يوم بصل
yōm ‘asal, yōm basal
Life is full of ups and downs
Don’t pronounce basal like ‘asal. Remember the s of basal is emphatic, and consequently the vowels surrounding it are “dark” and pronounced further back in the mouth.
نَفس
soul, desire, appetite
soul, desire, appetite
نَفس
خَاطِر، ج خَوَاطِر
willingness / goodwill / mood / desire (to do)
willingness / goodwill / mood / desire (to do)
خَاطِر، ج خَوَاطِر
لَطِيْف، ج لُطَفَا، المؤنث: لَطِيْفِة
pleasant, delicate, kind
pleasant, delicate, kind
لَطِيْف، ج لُطَفَا، المؤنث: لَطِيْفِة
مَبلَغ، ج مَبَالِغ
sum, amount (of money)
sum, amount (of money)
مَبلَغ، ج مَبَالِغ
