Lesson 2: Technique In Selecting And Organizing Information Flashcards
Skills that we apply in a work or job in order for us to give less effort
Technique
A process in which the writer collaborates with others to explore topics, develop ideas, and/or proposes solutions to a problem.
Brainstorming
A well-known strategy in selecting and organizing information where every participant is encouraged to write any ideas, suggestions and thoughts related to the given topic.
Introduced by _______ in his book Applied Imagination: Principles and Practices of Creative Thinking (1995).
Brainstorming list
Alex Osborn
4 basic rules in brainstorming
No criticism
Welcome unwanted ideas
Quantity wanted
Combine and improve ideas
______ of ideas are withheld during the brainstorming session as the purpose is on generating varied and unusual ideals and extending or adding to these ideas.
Allows the members to feel comfortable with the idea of generating unusual ideas
No criticism
_____ are welcomed as it is normally easier to “tame down” than to “tame up” as new ways of thinking and looking at the world may provide better solutions.
Welcome unusual ideas
The greater the number of ideas generated, the greater the chance of producing a radical and effective solution.
The more ideas, the better.
Quantity wanted
Not only are a variety of ideals wanted, but also ways to combine ideas in order to make them better.
Make judgements
Combine and improve ideas
BASIC TECHNIQUES IN HAVING THE BEST RESULTS OF BRAINSTORMING LISTS
GORDON (2014)
Nominal group technique
Group passing technique
Electronic brainstorming
Question brainstorming
Mind mapping
Participants provide their ideas anonymously.
The facilitator lets the group of participants individually list the ideas about the given concept and collect it in the end.
NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE
Individual participants write down an idea and pass it to the other member of the group.
GROUP PASSING TECHNIQUE
Electronic medium
Let the participant contribute even if they do not have the same location at a time.
ELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING
Participants attempt to produce questions rather than just ideas.
The questions are used to inspire thought in others.
QUESTION BRAINSTORMING
Employs a diagram to visually capture information surrounding an idea or situation.
The process begins by placing a word in the center of a page of the board.
The participants in the mind map provide words that relate to the central term.
Mind mapping
TECHNIQUES IN BRAINSTORMING LIST (BASED ON THE LECTURE)
Brainwriting
Rapid ideation
Figure storming
Eidetic image method
Brain netting
Round robin brainstorming
Step ladder technique
Mind mapping
Starbursting
Change of scenery
A technique where participants write ideas onto cards and then pass their idea cards on to the next person, moving those cards around the group in a circle as participants build on the ideas of others.
EX. Brainstorming about business plans. The 5 members will write down 3 ideas each while the paper is circling.
Brainwriting
Everyone writes down as many ideas as possible in a set amount of time before any ideas are discussed, critiqued, or fleshed out.
You will need to set (and stick to) a time constraint, otherwise you’ll risk losing the sense of urgency.
Rapid ideation
You don’t think about your ideas but instead you think of other people’s ideas.
The group picks a well-known figure who is not in the room—it could be a boss, a fictional character, or a well-known public figure—and discusses how that person would approach the problem or think about this idea.
Figure Storming
This visualization-based method recommended by author and psychologist ______ employs vivid images stored in our minds from all of our life experiences.
Begin with intention-setting: Have the group close their eyes and clearly set an intention for what they will create—for example, an innovative smartphone.
Each person in the group sets the intention in their mind that they will come up with a new phone design unlike previous ones.
This method works best when the goal isn’t to reinvent the wheel but rather to enhance it.
While the group should not focus on costs, their ideas should remain in the realm of possibility.
Eidetic image method
Jacqueline Sussman
An online brainstorming technique that is part of a wider initiative for remote team communication.
It aims to bring dispersed teams together for a brainstorming session using a variety of conferencing and recording tools.
Create a google document that is accessible to anyone
Electronic medium
Brain netting
A format in which all participants present their opinions, ideas or approaches in an order to be determined – e.g. the order in which the participants sit around a table or in a room.
Round robin brainstorming
Encourages each team member to give their personal opinion on a matter, before anyone can be influenced by the rest of the group
This prevents groupthink and encourages authenticity and honesty in your team members’ answers.
One on one
Step ladder technique
Writing down a central theme and thinking of new and related ideas which radiate out from the center
Mind mapping
It has a pattern.
4 W’s and 1 H
Focuses on generating questions rather than answers
It can be used iteratively, with further layers of questioning about the answers to the initial set of questions.
Starbursting
Help to stimulate ideas
Provided by a brand-new space, even for a short period of time, can help people think differently and devise new ideas
Traveling to gather new ideas
Change of scenery
Help students organize ideas, see relationships, and retain information through the use of visual representations, icons and symbols
Helps us to understand events, issues, problems and solutions, and causes and effects
Graphic organizer
Types and uses of graphic organizer
Network tree
Problem and solution map
Venn diagram
Series of events chain
Cycle map
Fishbone map
Organizing a hierarchical set of information, reflecting subordinate elements
LEXICAL CATEGORIES
8 parts of speech
Network tree
Information contains cause and effect and problems and solutions
Problem and Solution Map
Comparing and contrasting two different concepts by their features
Venn diagram
Organize information according to various steps or stages
Narrative
Series or events chain
Organizing information that is circular or cyclical, with no absolute beginning or ending
Cycle map
Organizing information that is circular or cyclical, with no absolute beginning or ending
Cycle map
When cause and effect relationships are complex and non-redundant
Fishbone map
Two types of outlining are _________
Topic Outline and Sentence Outline
Provides a quick overview of topics to be included in an essay
Lists words or phrases.
Identifies all the little mini topics that your paper will comprise, and shows how they relate.
Topic outline
SEVERAL ASPECTS IN WRITING A TOPIC OUTLINE
Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences.
The wording within each division must be parallel.
Remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one part; Therefore, if there is an “A” there must be a “B,” and if there is a “1” there must be a “2”.
The thesis and topic sentence of each supporting paragraph are fully written out.
Forces part of the essay to be written out in sentences before the first draft
Sentence Outline
The way the essay is organized, from one paragraph to the next, in order to present its thesis and the relevant, authoritative support for it, in a coherent and meaningful fashion.
Pattern of development
Some patterns of development
Narration
Description
Definition
Examplification
Classification
Cause and effect
Comparison and contrast
Problem and solution
Define words by
Characteristics or features
Function
What it is not
What it is similar to
By example
Its origin
Its effects
Define words by
Characteristics or features
Function
What it is not
What it is similar to
By example
Its origin
Its effects
Going back to the past
FLASHBACK
The theme which the story revolves around.
CONTROLLING IDEA
Details what something looks like and its characteristics
Relies on the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell
Used when the writer wants to evoke the senses to create a picture
General structure is a list of attributes or facts, uses adjectives
You need to follow the spatial order.
Top to bottom
Left to right
Description
2 types of description
Objective
Subjective
Primarily factual, omitting
any attention to the writer, especially with regards to the writer’s feelings.
Free from bias
Used in researches
Objective
Includes attention to both the subject described and the writer’s reactions (internal, personal) to that subject
Relative to the person
SUBJECTIVE
Explains what something is like or defining something
Definition
To explain something by showing us what it is not is to define it by negation.
This tactic can be used to shatter a stereotype or to undercut conventional wisdom.
What it is not
Provides examples, solid support, and strong evidence, to prove a point
Uses specific and vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information to explain, persuade, define, or illustrate a general idea
Justifying for something
Exemplification
Details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects and how it is related to something else
Cause and Effect
Tells how something is like other things or how something is different from other things
Comparison and contrast
Identifies a problem, provides a possible solution with possible results, and finally, the actual solution selected
Problem - solution
