lesson 2 pchy Flashcards
what is memory?
a system to process information
why do we need memory?
to take in and apply new information
encoding
inputting sensory information into the memory system
storage
the process of retaining information in the memory system.
retrieval
getting information out of the memory storage and bringing it into your own conscious
what three ways can we do retrieval
recall, recognition and re-learning
what are the stages of memory?
sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory
sensory memory
brief storage of sensory information( lasts a few second)
short term memory( working memory)
temporary storage system to process sensory information
long term memory
continuous storage of information ( believed to be unlimited)
types of long term memory
explicit memories, episodic memory and semantic memory
explicit memories
information we are conscious of knowing
episodic memory
information about things we have personally experienced
semantic memory
facts, general knowledge
types of long term memory
implicit memory, procedural memory , implicit priming and emotional conditioning
implicit memory
outside our conscious awareness
procedural memory
stores information about the way we do something
implicit priming
exposure to a stimulus impact a later response
emotional conditioning
emotional response associated with a specific stimuli
elaborative rehearsal
when your thinking about a subject very deeply
chunking
organizing information into meaningful groups
mnemonic devices
organizing hard to remember information into acronym or sentence
self reference effect
making the subject personally meaningful to you
interference
outside stimuli may interfere with memory
distributed practice
studying during short durations
types of conditioning
classical conditioning
classical conditioning
learning via association
unconditioned stimulus ( scary movie reaction)
a stimuli that creates a certain response without prior training
unconditioned response
a response that occurs to a stimulus without prior training
conditioned stimulus
a stimulus that does not elicit a response
conditioned response
the response that is elicited by conditioned stimulus after repeated paring with the unconditioned stimulus
operant conditioning
learning based on reward and punishment
positive reinforcement
giving a child a sticker for completing homework
negative reinforcement
You get out of bed so your alarm stops ringing.
positive punishment
giving extra schoolwork to misbehaving students
negative punishment
taking away a childs favorite toy bc of misbehaving
operant conditioning
learning via response
observational learning
learning via observation
self efficacy
your own ability to perform tasks effectively
motivation
a force that drives the attainment of a goal
intrinsic motivation
motivation that stems from the benefits associated with the process of pursuing the goal
extrinsic motivation
benefits of achieving a goal(the incentive we feel to complete a task simply because we find it interesting or enjoyable)
