lesson 2 pchy

Question 1

what is memory?

Answer 1

a system to process information

Question 2

why do we need memory?

Answer 2

to take in and apply new information

Question 3

encoding

Answer 3

inputting sensory information into the memory system

Question 4

storage

Answer 4

the process of retaining information in the memory system.

Question 5

retrieval

Answer 5

getting information out of the memory storage and bringing it into your own conscious

Question 6

what three ways can we do retrieval

Answer 6

recall, recognition and re-learning

Question 7

what are the stages of memory?

Answer 7

sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory

Question 8

sensory memory

Answer 8

brief storage of sensory information( lasts a few second)

Question 9

short term memory( working memory)

Answer 9

temporary storage system to process sensory information

Question 10

long term memory

Answer 10

continuous storage of information ( believed to be unlimited)

Question 11

types of long term memory

Answer 11

explicit memories, episodic memory and semantic memory

Question 12

explicit memories

Answer 12

information we are conscious of knowing

Question 13

episodic memory

Answer 13

information about things we have personally experienced

Question 14

semantic memory

Answer 14

facts, general knowledge

Question 15

types of long term memory

Answer 15

implicit memory, procedural memory , implicit priming and emotional conditioning

Question 16

implicit memory

Answer 16

outside our conscious awareness

Question 17

procedural memory

Answer 17

stores information about the way we do something

Question 18

implicit priming

Answer 18

exposure to a stimulus impact a later response

Question 19

emotional conditioning

Answer 19

emotional response associated with a specific stimuli

Question 20

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 20

when your thinking about a subject very deeply

Question 21

chunking

Answer 21

organizing information into meaningful groups

Question 22

mnemonic devices

Answer 22

organizing hard to remember information into acronym or sentence

Question 23

self reference effect

Answer 23

making the subject personally meaningful to you

Question 24

interference

Answer 24

outside stimuli may interfere with memory

Question 25

distributed practice

Answer 25

studying during short durations

Question 26

types of conditioning

Answer 26

classical conditioning

Question 27

classical conditioning

Answer 27

learning via association

Question 28

unconditioned stimulus ( scary movie reaction)

Answer 28

a stimuli that creates a certain response without prior training

Question 29

unconditioned response

Answer 29

a response that occurs to a stimulus without prior training

Question 30

conditioned stimulus

Answer 30

a stimulus that does not elicit a response

Question 31

conditioned response

Answer 31

the response that is elicited by conditioned stimulus after repeated paring with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 32

operant conditioning

Answer 32

learning based on reward and punishment

Question 33

positive reinforcement

Answer 33

giving a child a sticker for completing homework

Question 34

negative reinforcement

Answer 34

You get out of bed so your alarm stops ringing.

Question 35

positive punishment

Answer 35

giving extra schoolwork to misbehaving students

Question 36

negative punishment

Answer 36

taking away a childs favorite toy bc of misbehaving

Question 37

operant conditioning

Answer 37

learning via response

Question 38

observational learning

Answer 38

learning via observation

Question 39

self efficacy

Answer 39

your own ability to perform tasks effectively

Question 40

motivation

Answer 40

a force that drives the attainment of a goal

Question 41

intrinsic motivation

Answer 41

motivation that stems from the benefits associated with the process of pursuing the goal

Question 42

extrinsic motivation

Answer 42

benefits of achieving a goal(the incentive we feel to complete a task simply because we find it interesting or enjoyable)