Lesson 2. Nationalism In India

Question 1

Situation in India after WW1? [5]

Answer 1

-to cover for british defense expenditure, heavy taxes were imposed (customs tax and income tax introduced)
-prices of essential items increased leading to hardship for common people
-forced recruitment in the british army
-crop failure resulting in shortage
-influenza epidemic killin 12-13 mil people

Question 2

when did mahatama gandhi return to india?

Answer 2

January 1915

Question 3

what is the philosophy behind satyagraha? [4]

Answer 3

-emphasize power of truth and need to search for the truth
-if the cause was true and the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor
-winning the battle through non-violence by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor
-persuaded to see truth instead of being forced to.

Question 4

Successful satyagrah movements carried out by gandhi ji after coming to india? [3]

Answer 4

-1917 champaran, indigo planters
-1917 kheda, relaxation of taxes on peasants
-1918 ahmedabad, cotton mill workers

Question 5

what was the Rowlatt Act of 1919? [2]

Answer 5

-gave govt power to repress political activities
-allowed detention of political prisoners for 2 years without trial.

Question 6

How did the rowlatt satyagraha play out?
1. 6 April 1919
2. 10 April 1919
3. 13 April 1919
4. 14 April 1919 -18 April 1919

Answer 6

1. Started with hartal on 6 apr. rallies in cities, railway workers srike, shops close. Local leaders arrested.
2. Amritsar police fores on peaceful public, so bank, post offices, railway station attacked. martial law- general Dyer command
3. Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
4. attacks on police and govt buildings, govt represses workers. Seeing violence spread gandhi calls off on 18 apr 1919.

Question 7

When and where Khilafat committee formed?

Answer 7

in Bombay, March 1919, two leaders- Shaukat ali, muhammad ali

Question 8

What happened at the Culcutta session in September 1920?

Answer 8

Gandhi convinced congress of starting non cooperation movement in favor of khilafat and swaraj.

Question 9

How was non cooperation turned into a movement? [3]

Answer 9

-surrender of titles
-boycott of services
-1920, extensive tour by gandhi and shaukat ali

Question 10

why intense debates in congress throughout september to december 1920? [2]

Answer 10

-some people in congress were reluctant to give up titles with provincial elections coming up
-they thought this act will lead to violence

Question 11

When Non cooperation movement finally adopted?

Answer 11

Congress session in Nagpur in December 1920.

Question 12

when non cooperation movement finally started?

Answer 12

January 1921

Question 13

Non cooperation in cities and why did it slow down? [4]

Answer 13

-students left educational institutes, people left professions
-boycott of imported stuff so indian textile went up
-slowed cuz khadi not affordable to poor
-no alternative institution to replace the british ones.

Question 14

Non cooperation in countryside

Answer 14

-landlord devils, made workers work for free (begar), took high rents, and possibility of eviction anytime.
-peasants wanted: abolish begar, reduces taxes, socially boycott opressive landlords.
- it became violent very vast with talukdars attacked, markets looted and grains hoarded.
-the name ‘gandhi’ used to validate these actions

Question 15

Who was baba ramchandra?

Answer 15

-baba ramchandra led the non cooperation in Awadh.
-he was a sanyasi who was earlier and labor in fiji.
-established the Oudh Kisan Sabha along with Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 16

The Oudh Kisan Sabha
1. when was it established?
2. why was it established?
3. by who was it established?

Answer 16

the congress wanted to turn the peasants stuggle into a mass movement
1. in October 1920
2. to address grievances of villagers
3. Jawaharlal Nehru and baba ramchandra

Question 17

Non-cooperation in Gudem Hills, Andhra Pradesh. [7]

Answer 17

-the brits closed large forest areas, thus people could could not graze their cattle and could not collect firewood and fruits.
-they felt their traditional rights were taken away.
-when they were forced to do begar for roads, they revolted.
-led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
-persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking
-believed freedom could only be achieved through violence.
-the people killed govt. officials, attacked police and used guerrilla warfare.

Question 18

Who led the non-cooperation movement in Gudem Hills , Andhra Pradesh. GIve some info about him/

Answer 18

Alluri sitaram Raju

Question 19

what did dandi march mark the beginning of?

Answer 19

dandi march marked the beginning of civil disobedience movement