Lesson 2 [MUSI-105 Ln 1]

Question 1

a cappella

Answer 1

singing without instrumental accompaniment

Question 2

accent

Answer 2

musical moments or events that have particular emphasis

Question 3

accent marks

Answer 3

figures such as > that indicate an accent where one would not be expected, or an even stronger accent where accent was expected

Question 4

agogic accent

Answer 4

notes accented by being longer than those around them or by being preceded by silence

Question 5

anacrusis

Answer 5

notes at the beginning of a piece or section that precede the downbeat, generally written in a pickup measure; AKA pickup notes

Question 6

attack

Answer 6

moment when musical sound beings (also “onset”)

Question 7

augmentation dot

Answer 7

small dot written after a general note type that adds to it half its normal value. Multiple dots each add the next note value down, or the next smaller note value.

Question 8

barline

Answer 8

a vertical line drawn through the staff to mark the end of a measure

Question 9

beams

Answer 9

horizontal (or nearly horizontal) bars that connect eighth and smaller notes, replacing their flags

Question 10

beat

Answer 10

the level in a hierarchy of regular pulses which a listener feels they should move to

Question 11

contour

Answer 11

a mental graph of the rising and falling of a piece or musical line; also “pitch shape”

Question 12

division

Answer 12

a note that falls at the first hierarchical level below a beat. In simple time, divisions are halfway between beats

Question 13

division

Answer 13

the two or three pulses that divide each beat

Question 14

downbeat

Answer 14

the regularly recurring strongest beat in a piece or section of a piece

Question 15

dynamic accent

Answer 15

a note or notes that are louder than those around them

Question 16

imitation

Answer 16

two or more voices that sing the same or similar contours (though not necessarily at the same pitch) and rhythms, neither simultaneously nor after the other ones have completely finished

Question 17

measure

Answer 17

the time between two downbeats in notation

Question 18

meter

Answer 18

the classification of the number of beats between downbeats along with the division of the beat into simple (2) or compound (3) time. Indicated in notation with a time signature.

Question 19

note type

Answer 19

a classification of a category of note rhythm such as quarter or eighth

Question 20

note value

Answer 20

a note or rest’s length, in relationship to other notes or to beats

Question 21

partial beam

Answer 21

a small beam at the sixteenth-note or smaller level that does not connect to any other note

Question 22

pickup measure

Answer 22

a partial measure at the beginning of a piece with an anacrusis. Pickup measures are not counted in the numbering of measures.

Question 23

pitch accent

Answer 23

notes that are accented by being ornamented or having an unusual pitch, such as low, high, or outside the prevailing key

Question 24

primary accent

Answer 24

the recurring strongest accent in a piece or passage. Generally synonymous with downbeat.

Question 25

pulses

Answer 25

regularly spaced recurring grids where sounds are expected to occur or to be able to occur

Question 26

rests

Answer 26

durations of time not playing or singing

Question 27

rhythm

Answer 27

the succession of sounds in music that occur over time

Question 28

secondary accent

Answer 28

a recurring accent that is not as strong as the primary accent, such as beat 3 of 4/4 time

Question 29

simple time

Answer 29

referring to beats that divide into two pulses

Question 30

tempo

Answer 30

the speed at which beats recur in a piece; measured in beats per minute or using descriptive terms like “slow” or “allegro”

Question 31

tie

Answer 31

an arc drawn between two noteheads to indicate that they should be played as one note with a length equal to both note values combined

Question 32

time

Answer 32

the number of beats from one downbeat to the next.; similar to “meter”

Question 33

time signature

Answer 33

the notational device placed at the start of the piece that describes its meter

Question 34

True or False:
All of the beats in a measure have equal stress.

Answer 34

False - “Within the hierarchy of beats, some are stronger than others.”

Question 35

duple time

Answer 35

two beats

Question 36

triple time

Answer 36

three beats

Question 37

quadruple time

Answer 37

four beats

Question 38

simple duple time

Answer 38

2/4 or 2/2

Question 39

simple triple time

Answer 39

3/4 or 3/2

Question 40

simple quadruple time

Answer 40

4/4 or 4/2

Question 41

True or False:
A quarter note gets one beat.

Answer 41

As a standard answer, this is false; the exact number of beats for any note value depends on the time signature.

Question 42

True or False:
The whole rest is used to indicate an entire measure of rest in most meters, even if a normal whole rest cannot fit.

Answer 42

True, with some exceptions.

Question 43

Notes are generally written with stems up when they are [above or below] the middle line of the staff.

Answer 43

below

Question 44

Notes are generally written with stems down when they are [above or below] the middle line of the staff.

Answer 44

above

Question 45

True or False:
Flags switch sides of the stem, depending on whether the stem is up or down.

Answer 45

False - “Flags always appear on the right side of the stem.”

Question 46

Stems down are always on the [left or right] side of the notehead.

Answer 46

left

Question 47

Stems up are always on the [left or right] side of the notehead.

Answer 47

right

Question 48

True or False:
It is acceptable to use more than one augmentation dot on a note or rest.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True or False:
Any note value can represent the beat in a piece of music.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True or False:
In 4/4, it is acceptable to beam notes of beats 1 & 2 and/or 3 & 4.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

True or False:
In 3/4, a measure entirely comprising eighth notes may all be beamed.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The beam of a group of notes is determined by:

Answer 52

the note that is farthest from the middle line

Question 53

True or False:
Rhythmic values are always written with the fewest symbols possible.

Answer 53

False - Notes, rests, ties, and dots are always used so that they do not obscure the main beats but rather highlight them, or make them evident

Question 54

True or False:
Accented syllables and musical gestures tend to fall on strong beats, like downbeats.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

When a piece has a pickup measure, how are the missing beats accounted for?

Answer 55

by using those beats in the final measure such that the pickup measure + final measure equal one full measure