Lesson 2: Introduction To Programming Flashcards
detailed plan or procedure for solving with a computer; unambiguous sequence of computational instruction
Computer Program
process of creating set of instruction that tell a computer how to perform a task
Programming
this process involves describing the problem in the form of a special code
or algorithm so that computers solve the problem
Programming
it is required for programmers to learn basic concepts of ___________ to write programs
Mathematics
is a computer language programmers use to develop programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to execute
Programming Language
many languages share similarities, each has its own ______
Syntax
Once a programmer learns the languages rules, syntax, and
structure, they write the ________ in a ___________
Source Code; Text Editor/IDE
IDE stands for?
Integrated Development Environment
is an iterative process that allows for feedback and adjustments to be
made at each phase, to ensure that the final product meets the needs of the stakeholders and is of high quality
PDLC
PDLC stands for?
Program Development Life Cycle
is a systematic way of
developing quality software
PDLC
it provides an organized plan for breaking down the task of program
development into manageable chunks, each of which must be
completed before moving on to the next phase
PDLC
Enumeration: PHASES OF PDLC
- Planning
- Analysis
- Design
- Implemetation
- Testing
- Deployment
- Maintenance
In this phase, the goals and objectives of the program are
defined, and a plan is developed to achieve them.
- Planning
This includes
identifying the resources required and determining the budget and
schedule for the program
- Planning
In this phase, the requirements for the program are
defined and analyzed
- Analysis
This includes identifying the stakeholders,
their needs and expectations, and determining the functional and
non-functional requirements for the program
- Analysis
In this phase, the program’s architecture and design
are developed
- Design
This includes creating a detailed design of the
program’s components and interfaces, as well as determining
how the program will be tested and deployed.
- Design
In this phase, the program is developed and
coded
- Implementation
This includes writing the program’s source code and
creating any necessary documentation
- Implementation
In this phase, the program is tested to ensure that it
meets the requirements and is free of defects
- Testing
In this phase, the program is deployed and made
available to users
- Deployment
After the deployment, the program is maintained
by fixing any bugs or errors that are found and updating the
program to meet changing requirement
- Maintenance
Enumerate: STEPS OF PDLC
- Defining the Problem
- Designing the Program
- Coding the Program
- Testing and Debugging the Program
- Documenting the Program
- Deploying and Maintaining the Program
we
decide the boundaries of the problem. In major
software projects, this is a job for system
analyst, who provides the results of their work to
programmers in the form of a program
specification
- To Define the Problem/ Defining the Problem
determine the requirements like variables,
functions, etc. to solve the problem.
- Designing the Program
_________ starts by focusing on the main goal that the program
is trying to achieve and then breaking the program
into manageable components, each of which
contributes to this goal.
Program Design/ Designing the Program
This approach of program design is called __________ ___________ or
_____________.
Top-Bottom Program Design/ Modular Programming
translating an
algorithm into specific programming language and errors must be eliminated before
going to the next step
- Coding the Program
The technique of programming using only well
defined control structures is known as ____________
Structured Programming
Programmer must follow the
____________, violation of any rule causes
________.
Language Rules; Error
After removal of syntax errors, the program will
execute. However, the output of the program may not
be correct. This is because of logical error in the
program
- Testing and Debugging the Program
is a mistake that the
programmer made while designing the solution to a
problem
Logical Error
Syntax error and Logical error are collectively
known as ______
Bugs
The process of identifying errors and
eliminating them is known as _________
Debugging
After testing, the software project is almost
complete and the structure charts,
pseudocodes, flowcharts and decision tables
developed during the design phase become
documentation for others who are
associated with the software project.
- Documenting the Program
the program is deployed (installed)
at the user’s site. Here also, the program is kept under
watch till the user gives a green signal to it and even after
the software is completed, it needs to be maintained
and evaluated regularly
- Deploying and Maintaining the Program
In ___________, the
programming team fixes program errors and updates
the software
Software Maintenance
Enumerate: ANATOMY OF THE JAVA PROGRAM
- Text Filename
- Main Method
- Body
- Statement
package amurao_lab1;
-> amurao_lab1;
- Text Filename
public class Amurao_Lab1 {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
- Main Method
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
- Body
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
- Statement
can be used to explain Java code, and to
make it more readable and it can also be used to prevent
execution when testing alternative code
Comments
Enumerate: 2 TYPES OF COMMENTS
- Single-line Comments
- Multi-line Comment
start with two forward slashes(/ /)
- Single-line Comments
start with /* and ends with
*/
- Multi-line Comment
is an illegal operation performed by the user which results
in the abnormal working of the program
Error
Programming error often remain undetected until the program is compiled or executed and some inhibit the program from getting compiled or executed
Run Time Error
occur or we can say, are detected during
the execution of the program and sometimes these are discovered
when the user enters an invalid data or data which is not
relevant
- Runtime Errors
occur when a program does not contain
any syntax errors but asks the computer to do something that the
computer is unable to reliably do
- Run Time Errors
are those errors which prevent the code
from running because of an incorrect syntax such as a missing
semicolon at the end of a statement or a missing bracket, class not
found, etc. and these errors are detected by the java compiler and an
error message is displayed on the screen while compiling
- Compile Time Errors
Compile
Time Errors are sometimes also referred to as ________
Syntax Errors
used to perform common mathematical
operations
Arithmetic Operators
used to assign values to variables
Assignment Operators
used to compare two values (or variables)
Comparison Operators
used to determine the logic between variables or values
Logical Operators
are containers for storing data values
Variables
Enumeration: TYPES OF VARIABLES
- String
- int
- float
- char
- double
- boolean
stores text, such as “Hello” and surrounded by double quotes
String
stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
int
stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
float
stores single characters, such as ‘a’ or ‘B’ and its values are surrounded by
single quotes
char
can hold very large (or small) numbers. It uses 64 bits to store a
variable value and has a range greater than float type
double
stores values with two states: true or false
boolean
It prints string inside the quotes
print()
It prints string inside the quotes similar like print()
method. Then the cursor moves to the beginning of the next line.
println()
It provides string formatting
printf()
