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Lesson 2 Integumentary System > Lesson 2: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the skin, hair, glands, and nails

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

functions of integumentary system

A
  1. protection
  2. sensation
  3. temperature regulation
  4. vitamin d production
  5. excretion
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3
Q

three major regions of skin

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)
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4
Q

outermost region (superficial)

A

epidermis

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5
Q

resists abrasion, reduce water loss

A

epidermis

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6
Q

bulk of skin

A

dermis

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7
Q

structural strength, where leather is produced (in animals)

A

dermis

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8
Q

deepest region of the skin

A

hypodermis

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9
Q

not really part of the skin

A

hypodermis

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10
Q

connects skin to muscle/bone

A

hypodermis

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11
Q

epidermis is composed of _ _ _ epithelium

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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12
Q

epidermis cell types

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. melanocytes
  3. Merkel cells
  4. Langerhans’ cells
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13
Q

most abundant cell type, gives skin its protective properties

A

keratinocytes

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14
Q

keratinocytes produce _ _ _

A

fibrous protein keratin

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15
Q

melanocytes produce brown pigment called _

A

melanin

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16
Q

found in the deepest layers of the epidermis

A

melanocytes

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17
Q

langerhan’s cells are epidermal macrophages which helps _ _ _ _

A

activate the immune system

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18
Q

touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

A

merkel cells

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19
Q

basal layer

A

stratum basale

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20
Q

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes provide _ _

A

structural strength

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21
Q

deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes

A

stratum basale

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23
Q

cells in the stratum basale undergo mitotic division every

A

19 days

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24
Q

-% in the stratum basale are

A

melanocytes

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25
Q

one layer of _ are found in stratum basale

A

keratinocyte

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26
Q

melanin in stratum basale are given to _ _

A

stratum spinosum

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27
Q

melanin granules and langerhans’ cells are abundant in this layer

A

stratum spinosum

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28
Q

changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs here

A

stratum granulosum

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29
Q

in stratum granulosum, _ & _ bodies accumulate

A

keratohyaline, lamellated

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30
Q

cells start to die at stratum

A

granulosum

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31
Q

thin, transparent band

A

stratum lucidum

32
Q

consists of flat, dead keratinocytes

A

stratum lucidum

33
Q

layer present only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

34
Q

outermost layer of keratinized cells

A

stratum corneum

35
Q

stratum corneum accounts for _ _ of epidermal thickness (20-30 dead cell layers thick)

A

three quarter

36
Q

million cells at stratum corneum rub off everyday, totally new every - days

A

25-45

37
Q

renders body relatively insensitive to bio, chemi, and physi assaults

A

stratum corneum

38
Q

hair is only found in _ _

A

thin skin

39
Q

stratum lucidum is usually absent at _ skin

A

thin

40
Q

has all five epithelial strata

A

thick skin

41
Q

melanocytes produce

A

melanin

42
Q

melanocytes produce melanin inside

A

melanosomes

43
Q

size & distribution of melanosomes determine _ _

A

skin color

44
Q

melanin is influenced by _ light and _

A

UV, hormones

45
Q

red skin color (increased blood flow)

A

erythema

46
Q

bluish, decreased oxygen in blood

A

cyanosis

47
Q

plant pigment, skin=yellowish

A

carotene

48
Q

second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue

A

dermis

49
Q

in dermis, cell types include

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. adipose cells
  3. macrophages
50
Q

dermis is composed of two layers: _ and _

A

papillary, reticular

51
Q

areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

A

papillary layer

52
Q

papillary layer’s surface contains peg-like projections called _ _

A

dermal papillae

53
Q

responsible for fingerprints and footprints

A

dermal papillae

54
Q

80% of thickness of skin; dense irregular connective tissue

A

reticular layer

55
Q

caused when skin is overstretched, dermis ruptures

A

striae (stretch marks)

56
Q

stores fat and connects skin to muscles

A

subcutaneous tissue

57
Q

shock absorber and insulator

A

hypodermis

58
Q

lanugo or

A

fetal hair

59
Q

lanugo is replaced near time of birth by _ hairs

A

terminal

60
Q

columns of dead, keratinized epithelial cells

A

hair

61
Q

has: shaft above skin, root below skin, hair bulb

A

hair

62
Q

have growth and resting stage

A

hair

63
Q

hair to stand on end produces _ _

A

goose flesh

64
Q

glands found all over the body except on palms & soles

A

sebaceous glands

65
Q

sebaceous glands = oily secretion called

A

sebum

66
Q

active inflammation of sebaceous glands

A

acne

67
Q

prevent overheating of body

A

sweat glands

68
Q

sweat glands secrete _ and _

A

cerumen, milk

69
Q

produce sweat, cools body

A

merocrine sweat glands

70
Q

genital area, organic secretion broken down by bacteria causing body odor

A

apocrine sweat glands

71
Q

in external ear canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

A

ceruminous glands

72
Q

secrete milk

A

mammary glands

73
Q

_ _ is covered by skin

A

nail root

74
Q

visible part of nail

A

nail body

75
Q

all of the nail is formed by

A

nail matrix

76
Q

part of the nail matrix visible through nail body

A

lunula

Lesson 2 Integumentary System (1 decks)

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