Lesson 2: Integumentary System

Question 1

consists of the skin, hair, glands, and nails

Answer 1

integumentary system

Question 2

functions of integumentary system

Answer 2

1. protection
2. sensation
3. temperature regulation
4. vitamin d production
5. excretion

Question 3

three major regions of skin

Answer 3

1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

Question 4

outermost region (superficial)

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

resists abrasion, reduce water loss

Answer 5

epidermis

Question 6

bulk of skin

Answer 6

dermis

Question 7

structural strength, where leather is produced (in animals)

Answer 7

dermis

Question 8

deepest region of the skin

Answer 8

hypodermis

Question 9

not really part of the skin

Answer 9

hypodermis

Question 10

connects skin to muscle/bone

Answer 10

hypodermis

Question 11

epidermis is composed of _ _ _ epithelium

Answer 11

keratinized stratified squamous

Question 12

epidermis cell types

Answer 12

1. keratinocytes
2. melanocytes
3. Merkel cells
4. Langerhans’ cells

Question 13

most abundant cell type, gives skin its protective properties

Answer 13

keratinocytes

Question 14

keratinocytes produce _ _ _

Answer 14

fibrous protein keratin

Question 15

melanocytes produce brown pigment called _

Answer 15

melanin

Question 16

found in the deepest layers of the epidermis

Answer 16

melanocytes

Question 17

langerhan’s cells are epidermal macrophages which helps _ _ _ _

Answer 17

activate the immune system

Question 18

touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Answer 18

merkel cells

Question 19

basal layer

Answer 19

stratum basale

Question 20

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes provide _ _

Answer 20

structural strength

Question 21

deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis

Answer 21

stratum basale

Question 22

consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes

Answer 22

stratum basale

Question 23

cells in the stratum basale undergo mitotic division every

Answer 23

19 days

Question 24

-% in the stratum basale are

Answer 24

melanocytes

Question 25

one layer of _ are found in stratum basale

Answer 25

keratinocyte

Question 26

melanin in stratum basale are given to _ _

Answer 26

stratum spinosum

Question 27

melanin granules and langerhans' cells are abundant in this layer

Answer 27

stratum spinosum

Question 28

changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs here

Answer 28

stratum granulosum

Question 29

in stratum granulosum, _ & _ bodies accumulate

Answer 29

keratohyaline, lamellated

Question 30

cells start to die at stratum

Answer 30

granulosum

Question 31

thin, transparent band

Answer 31

stratum lucidum

Question 32

consists of flat, dead keratinocytes

Answer 32

stratum lucidum

Question 33

layer present only in thick skin

Answer 33

stratum lucidum

Question 34

outermost layer of keratinized cells

Answer 34

stratum corneum

Question 35

stratum corneum accounts for _ _ of epidermal thickness (20-30 dead cell layers thick)

Answer 35

three quarter

Question 36

million cells at stratum corneum rub off everyday, totally new every _-_ days

Answer 36

25-45

Question 37

renders body relatively insensitive to bio, chemi, and physi assaults

Answer 37

stratum corneum

Question 38

hair is only found in _ _

Answer 38

thin skin

Question 39

stratum lucidum is usually absent at _ skin

Answer 39

thin

Question 40

has all five epithelial strata

Answer 40

thick skin

Question 41

melanocytes produce

Answer 41

melanin

Question 42

melanocytes produce melanin inside

Answer 42

melanosomes

Question 43

size & distribution of melanosomes determine _ _

Answer 43

skin color

Question 44

melanin is influenced by _ light and _

Answer 44

UV, hormones

Question 45

red skin color (increased blood flow)

Answer 45

erythema

Question 46

bluish, decreased oxygen in blood

Answer 46

cyanosis

Question 47

plant pigment, skin=yellowish

Answer 47

carotene

Question 48

second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue

Answer 48

dermis

Question 49

in dermis, cell types include

Answer 49

1. fibroblasts 2. adipose cells 3. macrophages

Question 50

dermis is composed of two layers: _ and _

Answer 50

papillary, reticular

Question 51

areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 51

papillary layer

Question 52

papillary layer's surface contains peg-like projections called _ _

Answer 52

dermal papillae

Question 53

responsible for fingerprints and footprints

Answer 53

dermal papillae

Question 54

80% of thickness of skin; dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 54

reticular layer

Question 55

caused when skin is overstretched, dermis ruptures

Answer 55

striae (stretch marks)

Question 56

stores fat and connects skin to muscles

Answer 56

subcutaneous tissue

Question 57

shock absorber and insulator

Answer 57

hypodermis

Question 58

lanugo or

Answer 58

fetal hair

Question 59

lanugo is replaced near time of birth by _ hairs

Answer 59

terminal

Question 60

columns of dead, keratinized epithelial cells

Answer 60

hair

Question 61

has: shaft above skin, root below skin, hair bulb

Answer 61

hair

Question 62

have growth and resting stage

Answer 62

hair

Question 63

hair to stand on end produces _ _

Answer 63

goose flesh

Question 64

glands found all over the body except on palms & soles

Answer 64

sebaceous glands

Question 65

sebaceous glands = oily secretion called

Answer 65

sebum

Question 66

active inflammation of sebaceous glands

Answer 66

acne

Question 67

prevent overheating of body

Answer 67

sweat glands

Question 68

sweat glands secrete _ and _

Answer 68

cerumen, milk

Question 69

produce sweat, cools body

Answer 69

merocrine sweat glands

Question 70

genital area, organic secretion broken down by bacteria causing body odor

Answer 70

apocrine sweat glands

Question 71

in external ear canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

Answer 71

ceruminous glands

Question 72

secrete milk

Answer 72

mammary glands

Question 73

_ _ is covered by skin

Answer 73

nail root

Question 74

visible part of nail

Answer 74

nail body

Question 75

all of the nail is formed by

Answer 75

nail matrix

Question 76

part of the nail matrix visible through nail body

Answer 76

lunula