LESSON 2: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

Question 1

defined as a precursor to the unfolding or
existence of something.

Answer 1

antecedent

Question 2

The rise of ancient civilizations paved the way for advances in
S&T.

Answer 2

Ancient Period

Question 3

These advances during the Ancient period allowed
civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of —-, —-, ——-, ——–.

Answer 3

communication, transportation, self-organization, and of living
in general.

Question 4

People from ancient civilizations used animals for
transportation long before the invention of the wheel.

Answer 4

Ancient Wheel

Question 5

There
is, however, a general agreement that the ancient wheel grew
out of a mechanical device called

Answer 5

potter’s wheel

Question 6

a heavy
flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on
a heavy axis.

Answer 6

potter’s wheel

Question 7

It is believed that the Sumerians invented the potter’s wheel
shortly after

Answer 7

3500 BC.

Question 8

It could be that a potter thought of shifting the potter’s wheel
to a ____ for the purpose of transportation.
Nonetheless, it would no be until _____ to _____ years later that
the wheel was first used on carts.

Answer 8

90-degree angle, 1000 to 1500

Question 9

Roughly around _____ , the ancient Egyptian began writing on
______, a material similar to thick paper.

Answer 9

3000 BC, papyrus

Question 10

It is lightweight, strong, durable, and most importantly, portable.

Answer 10

paper

Question 11

is madefrom the pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus.

Answer 11

papyrus

Question 12

Before the Egyptians invented the papyrus, writing was done on
______.

Answer 12

stone

Question 13

Because of the difficulty of writing on stone, writing was
reserved only for ______.

Answer 13

very important occasions

Question 14

was an early tool invented
and used by ancient Egyptians to irrigate
land.

Answer 14

shadoof

Question 15

The shadoof, also
spelled as ______ , is a hand-operated
device used for lifting water.

Answer 15

shaduf

Question 16

Its invention
introduced the idea lifting things using
_________

Answer 16

counterweights.

Question 17

Because of this, irrigation and farming
became much more efficient. The _____
is also believed to be an ancient precursor
of more sophisticated irrigation tools.

Answer 17

shadoof

Question 18

Even before the invention of the
antecedents of the modern
computer, the Greeks had already
invented the ancient world’s analog
computer orrery.

Answer 18

Antikythera Mechanism

Question 19

Discovered in 1902 and retrieved
from the waters of Antikythera,
Greece, the Antikythera
mechanisms similar to a _____

Answer 19

mantel clock.

Question 20

Thus, it is widely believed that the
Antikythera mechanism was used to
predict _____ and ______ and
astrological purposes.

Answer 20

astronomical positions , eclipses for calendar

Question 21

It is also believed that the Antikythera
mechanism, which is one of the oldest
known antecedents of modern
clockwork, was invented by ________

Answer 21

Greek scientist between 150-100BC.

Question 22

Also known as the Hero’s engine,
this is widely believed to be the
ancient precursor of the steam
engine.

Answer 22

aeolipile

Question 23

Hero of _____ is credited for the
demonstration of the use of the
aeolipile during the 1st century AD.

Answer 23

Alexandria

Question 24

The _____ is a steam-powered
turbine which spun when the water
container at its center was heated,
thus making it practically the first
rudimentary steam engine.

Answer 24

aeolipile

Question 25

It is not clear whether the aeolipile served any purpose, but it is believed to be one of the many ______ at the time.

Answer 25

temple wonders

Question 26

________, a Roman author, architect, and civil engineer, described the aeolipile as a scientific invention through which "the mighty and wonderful laws of the heavens and the nature of winds" may be judged.

Answer 26

Vitruvius

Question 27

Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in 5th century AD and the colonial expansion of Western Europe in late 15th century AD, major advances in scientific and technological development took place.

Answer 27

middle ages

Question 28

These include steady increase of ____, _____ and _____

Answer 28

new inventions, introduction of innovations in traditional production, and emergence of scientific thinking method.

Question 29

Perhaps one of the most important technological innovations during the middle ages is the invention of the_____

Answer 29

Heavy Plough

Question 30

_____________ succinctly describes the impact of the invention of the heavy plough: "The heavy plough turned European agriculture and economy on its head.

Answer 30

Professor Thomas Bernebeck Andersen of the University of Southern Denmark

Question 31

The __________ stirred an agricultural revolution in Northern Europe marked by higher and healthier agricultural yields and more efficient agricultural practices.

Answer 31

heavy plough

Question 32

The ________ was a kind of heavy plow important to medieval agriculture in Northern Europe.

Answer 32

carruca or caruca

Question 33

Around 850 AD, Chinese alchemists accidentally invented ______. as it came to be known, is a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal. Together, these materials will burn rapidly and explode as a propellant.

Answer 33

black powder or gun powder.

Question 34

Multiple accounts suggest that the gun powder might have been an unintended byproduct of attempts mabe by the Chinese to invent the elixir of life, which is why the Chinese called it ____, roughly translated as "fire potion"

Answer 34

huoyao

Question 35

Although it was not until the 17th century that bank notes began to be used in Europe, the first known versions of paper money could be traced back to the Chinese in 11th century AD as an offshoot of the invention of block printing, which is similar to stamping.

Answer 35

paper money

Question 36

First paper money was introduced in ____ in the late 10th century during the rule of the Song dynasty (960-1279).

Answer 36

medieval China

Question 37

Before the introduction of paper money, precious metals, such as _____were used as currency.

Answer 37

gold and silver

Question 38

Although devices for timekeeping and recording sprung from the ancient times, such as the Antikythera mechanism, it was not until the Middle Ages that clockwork technology was developed.

Answer 38

mechanical clock

Question 39

Another important invention of the Middle Ages is the _____, a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom.

Answer 39

spinning wheel

Question 40

As the world population steadily increased, people of the Modern Ages realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of ____, ____ and _____.

Answer 40

transportation, communication, and production.

Question 41

The ____ was marked by Enlightenment philosophy, which focused on the individual and placed a high value on rational decision making.

Answer 41

Modern Age

Question 42

A Dutch spectacle maker named ____ is credited for the invention of the first ____ in ___

Answer 42

Zacharias Janssen, compound microscope , 1590.

Question 43

Janssen's microscope consists of three draw tubes with lenses inserted into the ends of the flanking tubes. The eyepiece lens was ___ and the objective lens was ___ a very advanced compound design for this time period

Answer 43

bi-convex , plano-convex,

Question 44

This led to an amazing discovery that an object, when placed near the end of the tube, can be magnified far larger than what a simple magnifying lens can do.

Answer 44

compound microscope

Question 45

Perhaps the single, most important technological invention in the study of astronomy during the Modern Ages was the practical ___ in vented by ___

Answer 45

telescope, Galileo Galilei.

Question 46

The first telescope was patented in ___

Answer 46

1608.

Question 47

As the Industrial Revolution reached full speed, the ____ was considered as one of the most critical drivers of the revolution. Built by French weaver ___, the_____ simplifies textile manufacturing.

Answer 47

Jacquard loom, Joseph Marie Jacquard, Jacquard loom

Question 48

Prior to the invention of the Jacquard loom, a draw loom was used which required two individuals to operate--___ and ____"-- if figured designs were needed.

Answer 48

the weaver and a drawboy

Question 49

When Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a French weaver and merchant, patented his invention in __, he revolutionised how patterned cloth could be woven.

Answer 49

1804

Question 50

____ and ____ are credited for the designing and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft.

Answer 50

Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

Question 51

Neither brother received a high school diploma. true or false

Answer 51

true

Question 52

Neil Armstrong carried a piece of the Wright Flyer with him to the moon. true or false

Answer 52

true

Question 53

For decades, Orville refused to donate the Wright Flyer to the Smithsonian Institution. true or false

Answer 53

true

Question 54

Thanks to a coin toss, ____ was the first brother airborne.

Answer 54

Orville

Question 55

Their pioneering success marked an age of powered flights.

Answer 55

engine powered airplane

Question 56

The Scottish engineer ___ is largely credited for the invention of the____.

Answer 56

John Logie Baird, modern television

Question 57

Baird successfully televised objects in outline in ____ recognizable human faces in ___, and moving objects in ___, and projected colored images in .

Answer 57

1924, 1925, 1926, 1928

Question 58

Baird's television caught on quickly. In fact, the _____ used this for its earliest television programming in ____.

Answer 58

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 1929

Question 59

The ___ is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of the Philippines and the most popular mode of public transportation in the country. It is also perhaps of the most enduring symbols of Filipino ingenuity. Jeepneys were designed and improvised from scratch out of military jeeps that the Americans left in the country after World War II.

Answer 59

jeepney

Question 60

The ___ is the inventive response to criticisms to the traditional jeepney that belched smoke, directly causing air pollution which made it unsustainable and uneconomical. and are designed to be environment-friendly, eliminating noise and air pollution as they run on electricity. They are also more economical for electricity is far cheaper than ordinary diesel, allowing jeepney drivers to earn more profit.

Answer 60

e-jeepney

Question 61

The first locally produced e-jeepney was launched in ___, and started to transport passengers for free in ___.

Answer 61

2008, Makati in 2009

Question 62

Perhaps one of the most important medical inventions is the _____.

Answer 62

Erythromycin

Question 63

The Ilonggo scientist ____ invented this antibiotic out of a strain of bacterium called ____, from which this drug derived its name.

Answer 63

Abelardo Aguilar, Streptomyces erythreus

Question 64

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar, a Scientist from the Philippines discovered the Erythromycin in ___

Answer 64

1949.

Question 65

____ is credited for the invention of ____

Answer 65

Fe del Mundo, incubator and jaundice relieving device.

Question 66

She was the first woman pediatrician to be admitted to the prestigious Harvard's University School of Medicine. She is also the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the country. Her pioneering work in pediatrics that spanned a total of eight decades won her the 1977 Ramon Magsaysay Award.

Answer 66

fe del mundo

Question 67

Dr. Fe del Mundo was the first Filipina to be conferred as National Scientist of the Philippines in ___. She also received the Order of Lakandula in ___ and the Order of the Golden Heart posthumously in ___. She was interred at the _____

Answer 67

1980, 2010, 2011, Libingan ng Mga Bayani.

Question 68

In 2000, a local invention that had the abiility to easily remove moles and warts on the skin without the need for any surgical procedure.

Answer 68

mole remover

Question 69

____ is credited for the invention of a local mole remover that made use of extracts of ___ (Annacardium occidentale).

Answer 69

Rolando Dela Cruz, cashew nuts

Question 70

Dela Cruz won a gold medal for this invention in the International Invention, Innovation, Industrial Design, and technology Exhibition in____

Answer 70

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2000.

Question 71

____ is credited for the invention of banana ketchup, a variety of ketchup different from the commonly known tomato ketchup.

Answer 71

Maria Orasa