Lesson 2: Evidence based approach Flashcards
Why does S&C Int use an evidence based approach?
Social & individual wellbeing: evidence must be considered to achieve a real impact on peoples problems & lives.
Effects: more accurate information regarding what works and the social issue being tackled. Increases likelihood that policies & programmes will be successful.
Targeted efforts: Economic impact due to improving population performance and using resources (public and private) more effectively as only processed with higher probability of success would be invested in.
What is evidence based approach?
Basing policy, programmes, or services on evidence rather than personal belief or anecdotal evidence.
(Using best available empirical evidence to make decisions about the most effective strategies for addressing the issue)
Outline Brownson et al (2009) criteria for evidence based approach
(WHAT?)
***important for exam
- Make decisions using the best available peer-reviewed empirical evidence
- Systematic use of data and information systems
- Apply the theoretical frameworks used in program planning
- Involved the community in evaluation and decision making
- Conduct solid evaluation of practices.
- Disseminate lessons learned to experts, stakeholders and decision makers
WHO uses the evidence based approach?
Social and health care personnel: Choice of practices in their daily performance, constant training and review of evidence.
Policymakers: Choice of practices and programmas to be implemented, and distribution of economic resources. HEXAGON TOOL
Researchers: Creation, evaluation and dissemination of practices
General population: Choice of available resources that will impact their lives.
What are the 3 types of evidence?
Research (scientific)
Experience
Context
Types of research (scientific) evidence
Data and impact (data indicating whether the interventions, programs or practices evaluated are effective)
Standards (degree of strength of research-based evidence will be conditioned by the number of existing studies on a practice or program, and how rigorous they are)
Types of experience evidence
Knowledge that professionals in charge of carrying out interventions have acquired through experience.
- Critical Thinking
- Flexibility
- Further Training
- Personal attributes
Types of contextual evidence
- Population needs and characteristics (race, ethnicity etc)
- Political investment (funding, resources)
- Willingness to participate (from community)
What is functional diversity?
The wide range of circumstances an individual may experience
What are the standards of evidence?
- Efficacy
- Effectiveness
- Efficiency
- Dissemination
What is efficacy?
The degree to which the intervention/program will work. (internal validity)
What are the efficacy standards?
- Defined samples from defines populations
- Psychometrically sound measures and data collection procedures
- Rigorous statistical approaches
- Consistent positive effects (without serious iatrogenic effects)
- Significant findings maintained through at least one long-term follow up
What is effectiveness?
The extent to which it works in real conditions. (external validity)
What are the standards of effectiveness?
- Offer manuals, appropriated training and technical support to allow third parties to adopt and implement the interventions
- Evaluation under real-world conditions including sound measurements of level of implementation and engagement of the target audience in intervention and control conditions
- specific population to whom intervention findings can be generalized
- Demonstrate practical importance of intervention outcome effects
- measurements of practical value must be included.
What is dissemination?
The degree to which is it ready to go to scale (the efficiency & follow up and assessment tools)
