Lesson 2: DNA and RNA Structure

Question 1

RNA

Answer 1

A nucleic acid used in protein synthesis.

The full name for RNA is ribonucleic acid.

There are three key structural differences between DNA and RNA;

Sugar

Nitrogenous Base

Strand

Question 2

The Sugar

Answer 2

RNA nucleotides contain the sugar ribose instead
of deoxyribose.

Question 3

The Nitrogenous
Base

Answer 3

RNA nucleotides contain the
base uracil (U) instead of
thymine (T)

Question 4

The Strand

Answer 4

RNA molecules
are single
stranded

Question 5

Types of RNA

Answer 5

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Carries copies of sequences of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for
protein synthesis.

2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Together with other proteins, it forms the structure of Ribosomes, that
coordinate the assembly of protein.

Question 6

3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 6

RNA molecule that carries amino
acids to the ribosomes where they
can be used in protein synthesis