Lesson 2 Deploying Ethernet Cabling Flashcards
Copper Cable
Copper cable is used to transmit electrical signals. The cable between two nodes creates a low voltage electrical circuit between the interfaces on the nodes. There are two main types of copper cable: twisted pair and coaxial (coax). Copper cable suffers from high attenuation, meaning that the signal quickly loses strength over long links. Twisted pair cable is rated to Cat standards.
twisted pair and coaxial (coax)
fiber optic cable supports higher bandwidth over longer links than copper cable. Fiber optic cabling is divided into Single Mode (SMF) and MultiMode (MMF) types, and MMF is categorized by Optical Mode designations (OM1, OM2, OM3, and OM4).
Fiber optic cabling is divided into Single Mode (SMF) and MultiMode (MMF) types, and MMF is categorized by Optical Mode designations (OM1, OM2, OM3, and OM4).
Shielded cable can be referred to generically as shielded twisted pair (STP), but there are actually several types of shielding:
Screened cable has one thin outer foil shield around all pairs. Screened cable is usually designated as screened twisted pair (ScTP) or foiled/unshielded twisted pair (F/UTP), or sometimes just foiled twisted pair (FTP).
Fully shielded cabling has a braided outer screen and foil-shielded pairs and is referred to as shielded/foiled twisted pair (S/FTP). There are also variants with a foil outer shield (F/FTP)
T568A and T568B
Green/White Orange/White
Green Orange
Orange/White Green/White
Blue Blue
Orange Green
Brown/white Brown/White
Brown Brown
Single Mode Fiber (SMF) has a small core (8 to 10 microns) and a long wavelength, near infrared (1310 nm or 1550 nm) light signal, generated by a laser. Single mode cables support data rates up to 100 Gbps and cable runs of many kilometers, depending on the quality of the cable and optics. There are two grades of SMF cable; OS1 is designed for indoor use, while OS2 is for outdoor deployment.
Multimode Fiber (MMF) has a larger core (62.5 or 50 microns) and shorter wavelength light (850 nm or 1300 nm) transmitted in multiple waves of varying length. MMF uses less expensive optics and consequently is less expensive to deploy than SMF. However, it does not support such high signaling speeds or long distances as single mode and so is more suitable for LANs than WANs.
Straight Tip
Straight Tip (ST) is an early bayonet-style connector that uses a push-and-twist locking mechanism. ST was used mostly for multimode networks, but it is not widely used for Ethernet installations anymore.
Subscriber Connector
The Subscriber Connector (SC) is a push/pull design, allowing for simple insertion and r emoval. It can be used for single- or multimode. It is commonly used for Gigabit Ethernet.
Local Connector
The Local Connector (LC) (also referred to as Lucent Connector) is a small-form-factor connector with a tabbed push/pull design. LC is similar to SC, but the smaller size allows for higher port density. LC is a widely adopted form factor for Gigabit Ethernet and 10/40 GbE.
Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ) is a small-form-factor duplex connector with a snap-in design used for multimode networks.
Specification Optics Maximum Distance Connectors
100BASE-FX 1300 nm 2 km (1.2 miles) ST, SC, MT-RJ
100BASE-SX 850nm 300 m (984 feet) ST, SC, LC
1000BASE-SX 850nm 275 m (902 feet) 550 m (1804 feet) ST, SC, LC, MT-RJ
1000BASE-LX 1300nm 550 m (1804 feet) 550 m (1804 feet) SC, LC
1310 nm
10GBASE-SR 850nm 33 m (108 feet) 82 m (269 feet) SC, LC
300 m (984 feet) 400 m (1312 feet)
10GBASE-LR 1310 nm 10 km (6.2 miles) SC, LC
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a means of using a strand to transmit and/or receive more than one channel at a time.
BiDirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Bidirectional (BiDi) transceivers support transmit and receive signals over the same strand of fiber. This uses WDM to transmit the Tx and Rx signals over slightly shifted wavelengths, such as 1310 nm for Tx and 1490 nm for Rx
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) supports up to 16 wavelengths and is typically used to deploy four or eight bidirectional channels over a single fiber strand. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) provisions greater numbers of channels (20, 40, 80, or 160). This means that there is much less spacing between each channel and requires more precise and expensive lasers.
Non-Ephemeral Ports (Permanent ports)
0-1023
Ephemeral Ports (Temporary ports)
1024-65535
Common Ports
Telnet TCP 23
SSH TCP 22
DNS UDP 53
SMTP TCP 25
SFTP TCP 22
FTP UDP 20 and TCP 21
TFTP UDP 69 (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
DHCP UDP 67 and UDP 68
HTTP TCP 80
HTTPS TCP 443
SNMP UDP 161 (Simple Network Management Protocol)
RDP TCP 3389
NTP UDP 123 (Network Time Protocol)
SIP TCP 5060 and TCP 5061 (Session initiation Protocol, aka VOIP)
SMB TCP 445 (Server Message Block)
POP3 TCP 110
IMAP4 TCP 143
LDAP TCP 389
LDAPS TCP 636
H.323 TCP 1720 (VOIP)
N
OSI MODEL
Layer 7 Application
Layer 6 Presentation
Layer 5 Session
Layer 4 Transport
Layer 3 Network
Layer 2 Data Lin
Layer 1 Physical
Full Duplex
The devices is able to receive and send information simultaneously
Half Duplex
The devices cannot send and receive information simultaneously
PDU (Protocol Data Unit)
Packet order
Frame header / IP Header / TCP header / Application Data / Frame Trailer
Frame Header: Layer 2 MAC
IP Header: Layer 3 IP
TCP/UDP Header: Layer 4 TCP/UDP
Application Data: Layers 5-7 HTTPS/IMAP/SSH any data/protocol
MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit)
Maximum IP packet to transmit but not fragment.
